Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hydrogen Energy Technology, Renewable Source of Energy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hybrid Energy Systems

Abstract

Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It is the most abundant element on the Earth. But it does not occur naturally as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen, to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity. A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or another fuel to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. If hydrogen is the fuel, electricity, water, and heat are the only products. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the variety of their potential applications; they can provide power for systems as large as a utility power station and as small as a laptop computer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. B. Zohuri, Physics of Cryogenic an Ultra-Low Temperature Phenomena (Elsevier, 2017)

    Google Scholar 

  2. https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=29

  3. B. Zohuri, Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen Generation through Intermediate Heat Exchangers: A Renewable Source of Energy, 1st edn. (Springer, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells

  5. http://change.gov/agenda/energy_and_environment_agenda/

  6. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/program_plans.html

  7. X. Li, Principles of Fuel Cells, 1st edn. (Taylor & Francis Group, 2006). isbn:ISBN-13: 978-1591690221

    Google Scholar 

  8. https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-technologies-office

  9. https://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/publications.html

  10. https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-backup-power-systems

  11. https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-systems-portable-power-and-auxiliary-power

  12. F. Barbir, PEM electrolysis for production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Sol. Energy 78(5), 661–669 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Zeng, D. Zhang, Recent progress in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production and applications. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 36(3), 307–326 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D.L. Greene, P.N. Leiby, B.D. James, J. Perez, M. Melendez, A. Milbrandt, S. Unnasch, M. Hooks, Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles & the Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements. ORNL/TM-2008/30, ed. by S. McQueen (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 2008). http://cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL_TM_2008_30.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  15. National Research Council, Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies: A Focus on Hydrogen. National Research Council of the National Academies, Committee on Assessment of Resource Needs for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies (The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  16. M.Z. Jacobson, M.A. Delucchi, A.R. Ingraffea, R.W. Howarth, G. Bazouin, B. Bridgeland, K. Burkart, M. Chang, N. Chowdhury, R. Cook, G. Escher, M. Galka, L. Han, C. Heavey, A. Hernandez, D.F. Jacobson, D.S. Jacobson, B. Miranda, G. Novotny, M. Pellat, P. Quach, A. Romano, D. Stewart, L. Vogel, S. Wang, H. Wang, L. Willman, T. Yeskoo, A roadmap for repowering California for all purposes with wind, water, and sunlight. Energy 73, 875–889 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S.M. Schoenung, W.V. Hassenzahl, Long- Vs. Short-Term Energy Storage Technologies Analysis: A Life-Cycle Cost Study—A Study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program. SAND2003-2783 (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  18. D. Steward, G. Saur, M. Penev, T. Ramsden, Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Versus Other Technologies for Electrical Energy Storage. NREL/TP-560-46719 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 2009). http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46719.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  19. P.W. Parfomak, Energy Storage for Power Grids and Electric Transportation: A Technology Assessment. Tech. Rep. R42455. (Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC, 2012). http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42455.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  20. A. Oberhofer, Energy Storage Technologies & Their Role in Renewable Integration (Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego, 2012). http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/research/energy-storage-technologies/Energy-Storage-Technologies.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  21. M. Sterner, 100% Renewable Energy Supply for Cities and Nations. Presented at the Sustainable Energy Week, 22–26 Mar 2010. http://www.klimabuendnis.org/fileadmin/inhalte/dokumente/EUSEW2010_1.IWES_M.Sterner.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  22. H. Iskov, N.B. Rasmussen, Global Screening of Projects and Technologies for Power-to-Gas and Bio-SNG: A Reference Report (Danish Gas Technology Centre, Horsholm, 2013). https://www.energinet.dk/ SiteCollectionDocuments/Engelske%20dokumenter/Forskning/global_screening_08112013_final.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  23. G. Gahleitner, Hydrogen from renewable electricity: An international review of power-to-gas pilot plants for stationary applications. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 38(5), 2039–2061 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. L. Grond, P. Schulze, J. Holstein, Systems Analyses Power to Gas: Final Report—Deliverable 1: Technology Review. GCS 13.R.23579 (DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability (now DNV GL), Groningen, 2013). http://www.dnv.com/binaries/dnv%20kema%20%282013%29%20-%20systems%20analyses%20power%20to%20gas%20-%20 technology%20review_tcm4-567461.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  25. O. Florisson, NATURALHY: An Overview. Presented at the NATURALHY Final Public Presentation, November 19, Nederlandse Gasunie at Groningen, 2009

    Google Scholar 

  26. M.W. Melaina, O. Antonia, M. Penev, Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks: A Review of Key Issues. NREL/TP-5600-51995 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 2013). http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/51995.pdf. Accessed 6 Nov 2014

  27. C.J. Castaneda, Invisible Fuel: Manufactured and Natural Gas in America 1800–2000 (Twayne Publishers, New York, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  28. J.A. Tarr, History of manufactured gas, in Encyclopedia of Energy, vol. 3, (Elsevier, 2004), pp. 733–743

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Melaina, Market transformation lessons for hydrogen from the early history of the manufactured gas industry, in Hydrogen Energy and Vehicle Systems, ed. by S. E. Grasman (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. E. Dodds, A. Hawkes (eds.), The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Providing Affordable, Secure Low-Carbon Heat (H2FC SUPERGEN, London, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  31. R. Winkler-Goldstein, A. Rastetter, Power to gas: The final breakthrough for the hydrogen economy? Green 3(1), 69–78 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1515/green-2013-0001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. HyUnder, Assessment of the Potential, the Actors and Relevant Business Cases for Large Scale and Long Term Storage of Renewable Electricity by Hydrogen Underground Storage in Europe, 2014. http://www.hyunder.eu/deliverables-and-publications.html. Accessed 30 Sept 2014

  33. A.S. Lord, P.H. Kobos, G.T. Klise, D.J. Borns, A Life Cycle Cost Analysis Framework for Geologic Storage of Hydrogen: A User’s Tool. SAND20116221 (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, 2011). http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116221.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  34. A. Ozarslan, Large-scale hydrogen energy storage in salt caverns. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 37(19), 14265–14277 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Hydrogenics, Hydrogenics Successfully Completes Utility-Scale Grid Stabilization Trial with Ontario’s Independent Electricity System Operator. Press Release, 16 June 2011. http://www.hydrogenics.com/about-the-company/news-updates/2011/06/16/hydrogenics-successfully-completes-utility-scale-grid-stabilization-trial-with-ontario’s-independent-electricity-system-operator. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  36. J. Eichman, K. Harrison, M. Peters, Novel Electrolyzer Applications: Providing More Than Just Hydrogen. NREL/TP-5400-61758 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. Judson-McQueeney, T. Leyden, C. Walker, Clean Energy Group: Resilient Power Project Webinar—Energy Storage: New Markets and Business Models, 2013. http://www.cesa.org/assets/Uploads/RPP-Webinar-Presentations- Energy-Storage-New-Markets-and-Business-Models.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2014

  38. International Electrotechnical Commission white paper on Electrical Energy Storage at http://www.iec.ch/whitepaper/energystorage/

  39. International Electrotechnical Commission white paper on Strategic Asset Management of Power Networks

    Google Scholar 

  40. International Electrotechnical Commission white paper on Orchestrating Infrastructure for Sustainable Smart Cities

    Google Scholar 

  41. International Data Corporation (IDC), Explosive Internet of Things Spending to Reach $1.7 Trillion in 2020, According to IDC, 2 June 2015, [Online]. Available http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS25658015. Accessed 22 Aug 2016

  42. Gartner Inc., The Internet of Things Is a Revolution Waiting to Happen, 30 Apr 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/the-internet-of-things-is-a-revolution-waiting to happen. Accessed 22 Aug 2016

  43. McKinsey Global Institute, Unlocking the Potential of the Internet of Things, June 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/business-technology/our-insights/the-internet-of-thingsthe-value-of-digitizing-the-physical-world. Accessed 22 Aug 2016

  44. https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-systems-stationary-combined-heat-and-power

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Galaxy Advanced Engineering Inc., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Bahman Zohuri

Authors
  1. Bahman Zohuri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zohuri, B. (2018). Hydrogen Energy Technology, Renewable Source of Energy. In: Hybrid Energy Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70721-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70721-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70720-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70721-1

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation