Abstract
Some process steps in the recycling process containing a significant amount of volatile organic compounds, such as shredding and drying, need to be inertised by flushing with dry nitrogen. Consequently, the off gas of this inertization is loaded with electrolyte or extraction solvents. Due to environmental restrictions, this off gas has to be cleaned before it is released. This chapter addresses the off gas cleaning with adsorption onto activated carbon and gives a basic understanding of the operation mode of a fixed bed adsorber and the database to design an adsorptive off gas cleaning. Relevant data of adsorption equilibria of single as well as binary mixtures of electrolyte components onto activated carbon at temperatures from 20 to 60 °C are presented. Additionally, binary equilibria were calculated with the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory and compared to experimental results. Finally, results of the adsorption in a fixed bed are discussed. Breakthrough behavior and temperature profiles of the adsorption process are presented and compared to the adsorption equilibria. Another focus is set onto decomposed electrolyte components that may occur during the lifetime of a battery, the recycling process and the adsorption itself. These decomposition products can affect the adsorption equilibrium and therefore have to be considered.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bundesministerium für Umwelt (2002) Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit. Erste Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Bundes-Immisionsschutzgesetz, Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft - TA Luft
Fu Y, Zhu H, Shen J (2005) Thermal decomposition of dimethoxymethane and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by solid acids and bases. Thermochim Acta 434(1–2):88–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2005.01.021
Langmuir I (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40(9):1361–1403. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02242a004
Markham EC, Benton AF (1931) The adsorption of gas mixtures by silica. J Am Chem Soc 53(2):497–507. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01353a013
Mersmann A, Kind M, Stichlmair J (2005) Thermische Verfahrenstechnik: Grundlagen und Methoden, 2., wesentlich erw. und aktualisierte Aufl. Chemische Technik Verfahrenstechnik. Springer, Berlin
Myers AL, Prausnitz JM (1965) Thermodynamics of mixed-gas adsorption. AIChE 11(1):121–126
Stehmann F, Scholl S (2015) Adsorption von Batterieelektrolytkomponenten aus einem Inertgas an Aktivkohle. Chem Ing Tech 87(8):1037. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201550013
Stehmann F, Prziwara P, Bradtmöller C, Schoenitz M, Scholl S (2016) Adsorption equilibria of dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate onto activated carbon. Chem Ing Tech 88(3):327–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201500130
Stehmann F, Jahnke S, Balmforth-Slater C, Scholl S (2017a) Adsorptive exhaust gas cleaning for recycling of Li-ion-batteries. J. Electrochem, Soc, p 164
Stehmann F, Wiegmann E, Scholl S (2017b) Decomposition of dimethyl carbonate caused by adsorption onto activated carbon. Adsorption 23. doi:10.1007/s10450-016-9858
Tóth J (1971) State equations of the solid-gas interface layers. Acta Chim Hung Tomus 69(3):311–328
Tundo P (2001) New developments in dimethyl carbonate chemistry. Pure Appl Chem 73(7):1117–1124
Yoshida H, Fukunaga T, Hazama T, Terasaki M, Mizutani M, Yamachi M (1997) Degradation mechanism of alkyl carbonate solvents used in lithium-ion cells during initial charging. J Power Sources 68(2):311–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(97)02635-9
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stehmann, F., Scholl, S. (2018). Off Gas Cleaning by Adsorption. In: Kwade, A., Diekmann, J. (eds) Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70572-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70572-9_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70571-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70572-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)