Abstract
A lot of decisions are made during boardroom meetings. After a discussion, the head of the board often asks for a quick poll. But what if you cannot join the meeting? So called boardroom voting schemes have been proposed to conduct the poll over the Internet and thereby enabling also those who are not present but available online to participant in the poll. But what if you are not available at this point in time? For important decisions you may want to delegate your vote to a present and trusted board member. In this paper, we show how to extend an existing boardroom voting scheme towards delegation functionality. The new scheme is evaluated against security requirements determined for boardroom voting and security requirements tailored to the delegation process.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
We refer to a voter or a proxy as honest if she behaves according to the scheme specification.
- 3.
Note, that the relevancy of this requirement might be debated, since in some cases it is reasonable to assume, that other boardroom members know whom the delegating voter trusts anyway. Still, we choose to include this requirement for the case, when the voter does not wish to publicly disclose his support for a particular proxy to others, or even to the proxy herself.
- 4.
- 5.
Note that as this PKI can used independently of any specific election, it can be prepared well in advance and reused subsequently.
- 6.
This list, for example, could be a list of board members who have a right to participate in the meeting.
- 7.
Note, that these assumptions are common within e-voting systems, e.g. Helios [1].
References
Adida, B.: Helios: web-based open-audit voting. In: Proceedings of 17th Conference on Security Symposium, SS 2008, pp. 335–348. USENIX, July 2008
Arnaud, M., Cortier, V., Wiedling, C.: Analysis of an electronic boardroom voting system. In: Heather, J., Schneider, S., Teague, V. (eds.) Vote-ID 2013. LNCS, vol. 7985, pp. 109–126. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39185-9_7
Bayer, S., Groth, J.: Efficient zero-knowledge argument for correctness of a shuffle. In: Pointcheval, D., Johansson, T. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2012. LNCS, vol. 7237, pp. 263–280. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29011-4_17
Bernhard, D., Pereira, O., Warinschi, B.: How not to prove yourself: pitfalls of the Fiat-Shamir heuristic and applications to Helios. In: Wang, X., Sako, K. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2012. LNCS, vol. 7658, pp. 626–643. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34961-4_38
Budurushi, J., Neumann, S., Olembo, M.M., Volkamer, M.: Pretty understandable democracy-a secure and understandable internet voting scheme. In: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, ARES 2013, pp. 198–207. IEEE (2013)
Camenisch, J., Stadler, M.: Efficient group signature schemes for large groups. In: Kaliski, B.S. (ed.) CRYPTO 1997. LNCS, vol. 1294, pp. 410–424. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0052252
Camenisch, J., Stadler, M.: Proof systems for general statements about discrete logarithms. Technical report, Citeseer (1997)
Cramer, R., Gennaro, R., Schoenmakers, B.: A secure and optimally efficient multi-authority election scheme. Eur. Trans. Telecommun. 8(5), 481–490 (1997)
DeMillo, R.A., Lynch, N.A., Merritt, M.J.: Cryptographic protocols. In: Proceedings of 14th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 1982, pp. 383–400. ACM (1982)
Diffie, W., Hellman, M.: New directions in cryptography. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. 22(6), 644–654 (1976)
ElGamal, T.: A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms. In: Blakley, G.R., Chaum, D. (eds.) CRYPTO 1984. LNCS, vol. 196, pp. 10–18. Springer, Heidelberg (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39568-7_2
Giustolisi, R., Iovino, V., Rønne, P.B.: On the possibility of non-interactive e-voting in the public-key setting. In: Clark, J., Meiklejohn, S., Ryan, P.Y.A., Wallach, D., Brenner, M., Rohloff, K. (eds.) FC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9604, pp. 193–208. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53357-4_13
Groth, J.: Efficient maximal privacy in boardroom voting and anonymous broadcast. In: Juels, A. (ed.) FC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3110, pp. 90–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27809-2_10
Hao, F., Ryan, P.Y., Zielinski, P.: Anonymous voting by two-round public discussion. IET Inf. Secur. 4(2), 62–67 (2010)
Jakobsson, M., Juels, A.: Mix and match: secure function evaluation via ciphertexts. In: Okamoto, T. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2000. LNCS, vol. 1976, pp. 162–177. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44448-3_13
Khader, D., Smyth, B., Ryan, P.Y., Hao, F.: A fair and robust voting system by broadcast. In: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Electronic Voting, EVOTE 2012, vol. 205, pp. 285–299. Gesellschaft für Informatik (2012)
Kiayias, A., Yung, M.: Self-tallying elections and perfect ballot secrecy. In: Naccache, D., Paillier, P. (eds.) PKC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2274, pp. 141–158. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45664-3_10
Kulyk, O., Marky, K., Neumann, S., Volkamer, M.: Introducing proxy voting to Helios. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, ARES 2016, pp. 98–106. IEEE, September 2016
Kulyk, O., Neumann, S., Marky, K., Budurushi, J., Volkamer, M.: Coercion-resistant proxy voting. In: Hoepman, J.-H., Katzenbeisser, S. (eds.) SEC 2016. IAICT, vol. 471, pp. 3–16. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33630-5_1
Kulyk, O., Neumann, S., Volkamer, M., Feier, C., Koster, T.: Electronic voting with fully distributed trust and maximized flexibility regarding ballot design. In: Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Electronic Voting, Verifying the Vote, EVOTE 2014, pp. 1–10. IEEE (2014)
Lamport, L., Shostak, R., Pease, M.: The Byzantine generals problem. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 4(3), 382–401 (1982). TOPLAS 1982
Nguyen, L.H., Roscoe, A.W.: Efficient group authentication protocol based on human interaction. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Foundation of Computer Security and Automated Reasoning Protocol Security Analysis, FCS-ARSPA 2006, pp. 9–33, August 2006
Pedersen, T.P.: Distributed provers and verifiable secret sharing based on the discrete logarithm problem. DAIMI Rep. Ser. 21(388) (1992)
Pedersen, T.P.: Non-interactive and information-theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing. In: Feigenbaum, J. (ed.) CRYPTO 1991. LNCS, vol. 576, pp. 129–140. Springer, Heidelberg (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46766-1_9
Ritter, J.: Decentralized e-voting on android devices using homomorphic tallying. Master’s thesis, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland (2014)
Shamir, A.: How to share a secret. Commun. ACM 22(11), 612–613 (1979)
Szepieniec, A., Preneel, B.: New techniques for electronic voting. JETS 2015: USENIX J. Elect. Technol. Syst. pp. 46–69 (2015)
Tchorbadjiiski, A.: Liquid democracy diploma thesis. RWTH AACHEN University, Germany (2012)
Terelius, B., Wikström, D.: Proofs of restricted shuffles. In: Bernstein, D.J., Lange, T. (eds.) AFRICACRYPT 2010. LNCS, vol. 6055, pp. 100–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12678-9_7
Zwattendorfer, B., Hillebold, C., Teufl, P.: Secure and privacy-preserving proxy voting system. In: Proceedings of IEEE 10th International Conference on e-Business Engineering, ICEBE 2013, pp. 472–477. IEEE, September 2013
Acknowledgements
This paper has been partially developed within the project (HA project no. 435/14-25) funded in the framework of Hessen ModellProjekte, financed with funds of LOEWE –Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Förderlinie 3: KMU-Verbundvorhaben (State Offensive for the Development of Scientific and Economic Excellence). It has also been partially developed within the project ‘VALID’ - Verifiable Liquid Democracy - which is funded by the Polyas GmbH. This work has also been supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as well as by the Hessen State Ministry for Higher Education, Research and the Arts within CRISP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 International Financial Cryptography Association
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kulyk, O., Neumann, S., Marky, K., Volkamer, M. (2017). Enabling Vote Delegation for Boardroom Voting. In: Brenner, M., et al. Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10323. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70278-0_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70278-0_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70277-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70278-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)