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Electrospun Nanofibrous Nerve Conduits

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Electrospun Biomaterials and Related Technologies

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Abstract

An injury to the human nervous system, which plays a major role in our daily lives by being involved in our thought and action processes, has been one of the greatest issues in the medical field. Social costs are considerably high because of these injuries and the many ongoing studies searching for cures to nervous system injuries. As a result of these efforts, electrospinning technology has been found to a suitable alternative to fabricating scaffolds for nerve regeneration. The electrospun nanofibrous scaffold can provide the regenerating nervous system with cell-friendly environments that have sufficient porosity, mechanical strength, guidance cues, etc. First, the anatomies of the central and peripheral nervous systems and their regeneration mechanisms are introduced and compared to each other. Second, the mechanisms, requirements, and favored properties are discussed. Finally, various fabrication methods and the current evolving concept of electrospun nerve conduits with functionalization strategies such as cell loading, neurotrophic biomolecule or nanoparticle immobilization, and conductive polymer use are discussed.

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Abbreviations

a-FGF:

Acidic fibroblast growth factor

ASIA:

American Spinal Injury Association

ATF-3:

Activating transcription factor-3

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNTF:

Ciliary neurotrophic factor

DRG:

Dorsal root ganglia

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EMSCs:

Ectomesenchymal stem cells

GAP-43:

Growth-associated protein-43

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GVHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

MAIs:

Myelin-associated inhibitors

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

NGFs:

Nerve growth factors

NPCs:

Neural progenitor cells

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NRG1:

Neuregulin 1

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

NT-3:

Neurotrophin-3

NTFs:

Neurotrophic factors

OECs:

Olfactory ensheathing cells

OEG:

Olfactory ensheathing glia

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PE:

Polyethylene

PHB:

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

PLGA:

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

PPy:

Polypyrrole

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

RAGs:

Regeneration-associated genes

rNSCs:

Rat neural stem cells

SCI:

Spinal cord injuries

siRNA:

Small-interfering RNA

Sox11:

SRY-box containing gene 11

SPRR1A:

Small proline-repeat protein 1A

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

TF-MSNs:

Transferrin-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

α1-GP:

Alpha-1 glycoprotein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

    Jeong In Kim, Tae In Hwang, Joshua Lee, Chan Hee Park & Cheol Sang Kim

  2. Department of Medical Practicing, Woori Convalescent Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

    Tae In Hwang

  3. Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

    Chan Hee Park & Cheol Sang Kim

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  1. Jeong In Kim
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  2. Tae In Hwang
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  3. Joshua Lee
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  4. Chan Hee Park
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  5. Cheol Sang Kim
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Correspondence to Cheol Sang Kim .

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico

    Jorge Almodovar

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Kim, J.I., Hwang, T.I., Lee, J., Park, C.H., Kim, C.S. (2017). Electrospun Nanofibrous Nerve Conduits. In: Almodovar, J. (eds) Electrospun Biomaterials and Related Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70049-6_7

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