Abstract
Throughout evolution, mammals have been exposed to large multicellular worm parasites (helminths). This co-evolution has resulted in a well-balanced network of host-parasite interactions that shape the host’s immune system. In particular, helminth parasites have acquired an impressive repertoire of immunomodulatory strategies to ensure their own survival and reproduction whilst avoiding excessive harm to their host. Moreover, work over the recent decades has shown that the immunomodulatory potential of helminths may not only entail an intriguing capacity for immune evasion, but also provide a means to protect against chronic inflammatory diseases. Allergy is driven by pathological type 2 immune responses, including type 2 cytokine production, IgE class switching, mast cell activation as well as eosinophil recruitment and activation, which are also at play during helminth infection. The overlap between pathological mechanisms of allergy and protective immune mechanisms targeted at parasite killing or expulsion may provide an (evolutionary) explanation for the potential of helminths to suppress allergic inflammation. This chapter will describe the epidemiological and mechanistic basis of parasite-mediated protection against allergy with a focus on the cellular mechanisms employed by helminth parasites to suppress type 2 inflammation.
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Esser-von Bieren, J. (2017). Parasite Mediated Protection Against Allergy. In: Schmidt-Weber, C. (eds) Allergy Prevention and Exacerbation. Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69968-4_6
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