Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, caused by more than 20 different species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, transmitted to humans by 30 species of various sand flies. Leishmania infection depends upon the causative species and the host genetic profile which governs the immune responses. The disease may be clinically presented as cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (MCL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) as a particular entity of the latter (Fig. 9.1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012;7:e35671.
WHO: leishmaniasis. 2012. http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/en/2. Accessed 4 Jan 2017.
Du R, Hotez PJ, Al-Salem WS, et al. Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis and refugee crises in the Middle East and North Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004545. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004545. eCollection
Postigo JA. Leishmaniasis in the World Health Organization eastern Mediterranean region. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;36:S62–5.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:581.
Gontijo B, de Carvalho ML. American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2003;36:71–80.
Momeni AZ, Aminjavaheri M. Clinical picture of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Dermatol. 1994;33:260–5.
Dowlati Y. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical aspects. Clin Dermatol. 1996;14:425–31.
Sharifi I, Fekri AR, Aflatoonian MR, et al. Leishmaniasis recidivans among school children in Bam, South-East Iran, 1994–2006. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:557–61.
Markle WH, Makhoul K. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: recognition and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69:1455–6.
Goto H, Lindoso JAL. Current diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2010;8:419–33.
Khatami A, Firooz A, Gorouhi F, et al. Treatment of acute Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:335.e1–e29.
González U, Pinart M, Reveiz L, et al. Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst 2008;Rev 8:CD005067.
Khatami A, Firooz A, Gorouhi F, et al. Systematic review of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis: several points. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48:201–2.
Khatami A, Firooz A, Zartab H, et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. In: Maibach H, Gorouhi F, editors. Evidence based dermatology. 2nd ed. Shelton: PMPH-USA; 2011.
Cardona-Arias JA, Vélez ID, López-Carvajal L. Efficacy of thermotherapy to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. PLoSOne. 2015;10:e0122569.
López-Carvajal L, Cardona-Arias JA, Zapata-Cardona MI. Efficacy of cryotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: meta-analyses of clinical trials. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:360.
López-Carvajal L, Hoyos M, et al. Systematization of clinical studies on the efficacy of treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis 1980-2015. Arch Med. 2016;12(3):8. https://doi.org/10.3823/1307.
Noazin S, Khamesipour A, Moulton LH, et al. Efficacy of killed whole-parasite vaccines in the prevention of leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2009;27:4747–53.
González U, Pinart M, Sinclair D, et al. Vector and reservoir control for preventing leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(8):CD008736.
Sofizadeh A, Vatandoorst H, Rassi Y, et al. Spatial analysis of the relation between rodent’s active burrows and incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan province, northeastern of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2016;10:569–76.
Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR. Control of phlebotomine sand flies in Iran: a review article. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2016;10:429–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nassiri Kashani, M., Khamesipour, A., Firooz, A. (2018). Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. In: Orfanos, C., Zouboulis, C., Assaf, C. (eds) Pigmented Ethnic Skin and Imported Dermatoses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69422-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69422-1_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69421-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69422-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)