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Noncentral Nervous System Normal Structures

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Book cover Target Volume Delineation for Pediatric Cancers

Part of the book series: Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology ((PGRO))

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Abstract

There are large number of pediatric tumors affecting the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities. Often they involve a broad anatomical area with multiple vital organs in the tumor vicinity and create a major hurdle for a local control. When targeted with radiation therapy, safe dose delivery to the tumor target without damaging organs at risk can be very challenging especially when using higher doses in young children. There are multiple reports on functional impairments from radiation exposure resulting in acute and late toxicities. Chronic impairment of the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, reproductive organs, etc. can result in not only poor quality of life but even contribute to the mortality of children undergoing cancer therapy. Correct identification of organs at risk and understanding of the volume and dose constraints are paramount in the pediatric radiotherapy field. The process of target and normal tissue delineation is the subject to significant levels of inter- and intra-observer variability in both the accuracy and reproducibility of structures [1–6]. In order to report, compare, and interpret the results of radiation treatment adequately, it is extremely important to delineate OARs according to well-defined uniform guidelines. Uncertainties associated with target volumes and organs-at-risk (OAR) definitions, organ motion, and patient set-up errors stand as obstacles to achieving better outcomes in radiotherapy planning and treatment delivery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Oncology Department, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Natia Esiashvili

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  1. Natia Esiashvili
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Correspondence to Natia Esiashvili .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Stephanie A. Terezakis

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University - Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Shannon M. MacDonald

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Esiashvili, N. (2019). Noncentral Nervous System Normal Structures. In: Terezakis, S., MacDonald, S. (eds) Target Volume Delineation for Pediatric Cancers. Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69140-4_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69140-4_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69139-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69140-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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