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The Fossil History of Quercus

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Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L.

Part of the book series: Tree Physiology ((TREE,volume 7))

Abstract

The evolution of plant ecosystems during the Cenophytic was complex and influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. Among abiotic forces were tectonics, the distribution of continents and seas, climate, and fires; of biotic factors were herbivores, pests, and intra- and interspecific competition. The genus Quercus L. (Quercoideae, Fagaceae ) evolved in this context to become an established member of the plant communities of the Northern Hemisphere , commencing in the Paleogene and spreading to a diverse range of environments in the later Cenozoic . Its palaeontological record, dominated by leaves and pollen , but also including wood, fruits and flowers, is widespread in Eurasia and North America . Consequently, a great number of species have been described, from the 19th century to the present day. Although Quercus is currently an ecologically and economically important component of the forests in many places of the Northern Hemisphere and Southeastern Asia , no comprehensive summary of its fossil record exists. The present work, written by an international team of palaeobotanists, provides the first synthesis of the fossil history of the oaks from their appearance in the early Paleogene to the Quaternary .

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Acknowledgements

This work was performed as part of the research projects: Progress Q45 (Charles University, Prague), CGL2015-68604-P and CSO2015-65216-C2-2-P (MINECO, Spain), and is a contribution to NECLIME (Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia , www.neclime.de). The study of fossil oaks from Russia and Central Asia was provided by the Russian grant RFBR N 16-04-00946-a. The study of the Chinese fossil Quercus was supported by the NSFC (U1502231) grant. We thank Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín, José Javier Peguero-Pina and Domingo Sancho-Knapik (CITA, Zaragoza, Spain); Isabel Rábano, Ana Rodrigo, Enrique Peñalver and Silvia Menéndez (Museo Geominero, IGME, Madrid, Spain); Celia Santos and Ana Bravo (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales—CSIC, Madrid, Spain); Raul Iglesias-González (E.T.S. de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain); Jaume Gallemí and Vicent Vicedo (Museu de Geologia de Barcelona, Spain); Sebastián Calzada and Evaristo Aguilar (Museu de Geologia del Seminari de Barcelona, Spain); Manuel Casas-Gallego (CGG Services, Wales, UK); Boglárka Erdei and Lilla Hably (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest); Johanna Kovar-Eder (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany); Volker Wilde, Martin Müller and Karin Schmidt (Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut, Frankfurt/M., Germany); Jiří Kvaček (National Museum of Prague, Czech Republic); Edoardo Martinetto, University of Turin, Italia; Patrick Fields and Darlene and Howard Emry (USA); Brian Axsmith, University of South Alabama, Mobile (USA); Elisabeth A. Wheeler, North Carolina State University and InsideWood (USA); Alexey Hvalj (Laboratory of Palaeobotany, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia); Atsushi Yabe (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan). The authors thank Steven R. Manchester (Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA) and Melanie L . DeVore (Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia, USA) for reading a portion of the manuscript and offering criticisms and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museo Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España—IGME, Ríos Rosas 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Eduardo Barrón

  2. Laboratory of Palaeobotany, Komarov Botanical Institute, 2 Professor Popov Street, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Anna Averyanova & Svetlana Popova

  3. Faculty of Science, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    Zlatko Kvaček

  4. Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

    Arata Momohara

  5. School of Life Sciences and Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center (BioKIC), Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA

    Kathleen B. Pigg

  6. Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    José María Postigo-Mijarra

  7. Department of Earth Science and College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6110, USA

    Bruce H. Tiffney

  8. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Torsten Utescher

  9. Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Nussalle 8, 531 15, Bonn, Germany

    Torsten Utescher

  10. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650244, China

    Zhe Kun Zhou

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  1. Eduardo Barrón
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Correspondence to Eduardo Barrón .

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  1. Unit of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain

    Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín

  2. Unit of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain

    José Javier Peguero-Pina

  3. Unit of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain

    Domingo Sancho-Knapik

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Barrón, E. et al. (2017). The Fossil History of Quercus . In: Gil-Pelegrín, E., Peguero-Pina, J., Sancho-Knapik, D. (eds) Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L.. Tree Physiology, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_3

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