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Mechanisms and Functions of Post-translational Enzyme Modifications in the Organization and Control of Plant Respiratory Metabolism

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Book cover Plant Respiration: Metabolic Fluxes and Carbon Balance

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 43))

Summary

The respiratory pathways of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and mitochondrial electron transport chain are central features of carbon metabolism and bioenergetics in eukaryotic cells. As respiration forms the core of intermediary metabolism, it plays a pivotal role in the growth and metabolism of all photosynthetic organisms. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the occurrence and functions of enzyme post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the control of plant respiration including sucrose catabolism. PTMs are covalent alterations of amino acid residues within a particular polypeptide. Diverse PTMs represent pivotal regulatory events that integrate signaling, gene expression, and metabolism with developmental and stress responses in eukaryotic cells. These PTMs are often rapid and reversible and can not only dramatically alter enzyme activity, but may also generate specific PTM-dependent docking sites that influence interactions with other proteins. In yeast, enzyme PTMs exert more control over glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism than do changes in transcripts or enzyme abundance, and the same situation likely applies to vascular plants. Recent advances in proteomics , particularly the development of novel and specific chemistries along with affiliated mass spectrometry techniques for detection and mapping of diverse PTMs, are rapidly expanding the catalogue of respiratory enzymes whose functions may be controlled by reversible covalent modification. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation and disulfide-dithiol interconversion appear to be the most prevalent types of reversible covalent modification used in plant enzyme control. Additional PTMs such as monoubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, and acetylation also appear to play important roles. However, the biochemical impact of in vivo PTMs on the functional properties of plant respiratory enzymes remains mostly unknown and thus remains an important goal for future research. Rational manipulation of PTM events is expected to make an important contribution to the implementation of effective biotechnological strategies for engineering grain crops for increased yields via metabolic engineering.

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Acknowledgments

WCP is indebted to past and present members of his laboratory, as well as various collaborators who have examined the occurrence, functions, and mechanisms of enzyme PTMs in the control of plant metabolism. WCP is also indebted to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Queen’s Research Chairs program who have provided generous financial support for this research. Brendan O’Leary acknowledges research funding from an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Award Fellowship (DE150100130).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia

    Brendan M. O’Leary

  2. Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada

    William C. Plaxton

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  1. Brendan M. O’Leary
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  2. William C. Plaxton
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Correspondence to Brendan M. O’Leary .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Guillaume Tcherkez

  2. Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE), UMR 8079, Université de Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université de Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

    Jaleh Ghashghaie

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O’Leary, B.M., Plaxton, W.C. (2017). Mechanisms and Functions of Post-translational Enzyme Modifications in the Organization and Control of Plant Respiratory Metabolism. In: Tcherkez, G., Ghashghaie, J. (eds) Plant Respiration: Metabolic Fluxes and Carbon Balance. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 43. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_13

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