Abstract
The Financial Liquidity Investment Efficiency Model (FLIEM) was presented and discussed by Michalski (Value-based working capital management: determining liquid asset levels in entrepreneurial environments. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). Here the Cash Levels in Full Operating Cycle (CLFOC) is proposed as a FLIEM remodelling. Some external factors resulting from the economic situation surrounding the enterprise were pointed out in this paper. These factors interact with the operating cycle of the overall firm operational risk which is reflected in the level of cash held. These are so called environmental conditions we should take into account during considering a model of cash holdings in the full operating cycle firm. The aim of the study was to determine the rules governing the modern cash management in small and medium firms with a full operating cycle with a particular emphasis on environmental conditions influencing firms. At the core of the research hypothesis is the belief that the level of cash and cash management policies in the firm in an integrated manner with other elements resulting from the operating cycle, contribute to moderating the risk of the firm and it can be shown using empirical data from enterprises operating effectively in practical business.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida H, Campello M, Weisbach M (2004) The cash flow sensitivity of cash. J Financ 59(4):1777–1804
Al-Najjar B, Clark E (2017) Corporate governance and cash holdings in MENA: evidence from internal and external governance practices. Res Int Bus Financ 39:1–12
Anderson R, Hamadi M (2016) Cash holding and control-oriented finance. J Corp Finan 41(1):410–425
Arouri M, Pijourlet G (2017) CSR performance and the value of cash holdings: international evidence. J Bus Ethics 140(2):263–284
Bates T, Kahle K, Stulz R (2009) Why do U.S. entities hold so much more cash than they used to? J Financ 64(5):1985–2021
Bem A, Michalski G (2015) Hospital profitability vs. selected healthcare system indicators. In: CEFE 2015–Central European conference in finance and economics. Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, pp 52–61
Bem A, Ucieklak-Jez P, Siedlecki R (2016) The spatial differentiation of the availability of health care in polish regions. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 220:12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.464
Ben-Nasr H (2016) State and foreign ownership and the value of working capital management. J Corp Finan 41(1):217–240
Boileau M, Moyen N (2016) Corporate cash holdings and credit line usage. Int Econ Rev 57(4):1481–1506
Chen N, Mahajan A (2010) Effects of macroeconomic conditions on corporate liquidity-international evidence. Int Res J Financ Econ 35:112–129
Chen N, Yang T (2017) Democracy, rule of law, and corporate governance—a liquidity perspective. Econ Gov 18(1):35–70
Coles J, Daniel N, Naveen L (2006) Managerial incentives and risk-taking. J Financ Econ 79(2):431–468
Deb P, David P, O’brien J (2017) When is cash good or bad for entity performance? Strateg Manag J 38(2):436–454
Dittmar A, Mahrt-Smith J (2007) Corporate governance and the value of cash holdings. J Financ Econ 83(3):599–634
Dudley E, Zhang N (2016) Trust and corporate cash holdings. J Corp Finan 41(1):363–387
Filbeck G, Zhao X, Knoll R (2017) An analysis of working capital efficiency and shareholder return. Rev Quant Finan Acc 48(1):265–288
Gavurova B, Korony S (2016) Efficiency of day surgery in Slovak regions during the years 2009–2014. Econ Ann XXI 159(5–6):80–84
Gavurová B, Šoltés M, Balloni AJ (2014) The economic importance of using of ict in the health system [Ekonomický význam využívania informačno-komunikačných technológií v systéme zdravotníctva]. Ekonomicky Casopis 62(1):83–104
Graham J, Harvey C (2001) The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field. J Financ Econ 60(2–3):187–243
Harford J (1999) Corporate cash reserves and acquisitions. J Financ 54(6):1969–1997
He Z, Wintoki M (2016) The cost of innovation: R&D and high cash holdings in U.S. entities. J Corp Finan 41(1):280–303
Huang-Meier W, Lambertides N, Steeley J (2016) Motives for corporate cash holdings: the CEO optimism effect. Rev Quant Finan Acc 47(3):699–732
Koussis N, Martzoukos S, Trigeorgis L (2017) Corporate liquidity and dividend policy under uncertainty. J Bank Financ 75(1):200–214
La Rocca M, Cambrea D, Cariola A (2017) The role of corruption in shaping the value of holding cash. Financ Res Lett 20(1):104–108
Lin T, Tsai H, Imamah N, Hung J (2016) Does the identity of multiple large shareholders affect the value of excess cash? Evidence from China. Pac Basin Financ J 40(1):173–190
Lozano M, Duran R (2017) Family control and adjustment to the optimal level of cash holding. Eur J Financ 23(3):266–295
Lyandres E, Palazzo B (2016) Cash holdings, competition, and innovation. J Financ Quant Anal 51(6):1823–1861
Michalski G (2008) Operational risk in current assets investment decisions: portfolio management approach in accounts receivable. Agric Econ – Czech 54(1):12–19. Available at SSRN http://ssrn.com/abstract=1562672
Michalski G (2014) Value-based working capital management: determining liquid asset levels in entrepreneurial environments. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137391834
Michalski G (2016a) Full operating cycle influence on the food and beverages processing entities characteristics. Agric Econ 62(2):71–77
Michalski G (2016b) Risk pressure and inventories levels: influence of risk sensitivity on working capital levels. Econ Comput Econ Cybern Stud Res 50(1):189–196
Michalski G (2017) Determinants of liquid assets in full operating cycle firms in: current issues of world economy and politics. In: Conference proceedings 17th international scientific conference. Ekonóm Publishing, Bratislava, pp 849–859
Opler T, Pinkowitz L, Stulz R, Williamson R (1999) The determinants and implications of corporate cash holdings. J Financ Econ 52(1):3–46
Rutkowska-Podołowska M, Sulich A, Szczygieł N (2016) Green jobs. In: Kovářová E, Melecký L, Staníčková M (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on European integration 2016, ICEI 2016, May 19–20. Ostrava, Czech Republic. Pt. 2. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, cop, pp 822–829
Shah H, Shah A (2016) The relationship between judicial efficiency and corporate cash holdings: an international study. Econ Model 59(1):448–462
Siedlecki R, Bem A (2016) Rural versus urban hospitals in Poland: hospital’s financial health assessment. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 220:444–451
Simo D, Mura L, Buleca J (2016) Assessment of milk production competitiveness of the Slovak Republic within the EU-27 countries. Agric Econ 62(10):482–492. 10.17221/270/2015-AGRICECON
Sinicakova M, Sulikova V, Gavurova B (2017) Twin deficits threat in the European Union. Ekonomie Manag 20(1):144–156. 10.15240/tul/001/2017-1-010
Soltes V (2004) Duration of coupon bonds as a criterion of the price sensibility of bonds with regards to the change of interest rates [Durácia kupónovej obligácie ako kritérium cenovej citlivosti obligácie vzhľadom na zmenu úrokových sadzieb in Slovak]. Ekonomicky Casopis 52(1):108–114
Soltes V (2012) Paradigms of changes in the 21st century – quest for configurations in Mosaic. Ekonomicky Casopis 60(4):428–429
Soltes M, Gavurova B (2015) Quantification and comparison of avoidable mortality – causal relations and modification of concepts. Technol Econ Dev Econ 21(6):917–938
Soltes V, Gavurova B (2016) Analysis of selected socio-economic aspects of volunteering in Slovakia. Econ Soc 9(2):183–196. 10.14254/2071-789X.2016/9-2/13
Sulikova V, Djukic M, Gazda V, Horvath D, Kulhanek L (2015) Asymmetric impact of public debt on economic growth in selected EU countries. Ekonomicky Casopis 63(9):944–958
Svidronova M, Vacekova G, Valentinov V (2016) The theories of non-profits: a reality check from Slovakia. Lex Localis 14(3):399–418
Toth M, Lancaric D, Munk M, Savov R, Piterkova A (2015) Measuring agency costs in agriculture. Agrarian Perspectives XXIV: Global Agribusiness and the Rural Economy, pp 471–478
Wu W, Yang Y, Zhou S (2017) Multinational entities and cash holdings: evidence from China. Financ Res Lett 20(1):184–191
Acknowledgments
The presented work and the results are part of the bigger monothematic cycle realized as a part of grant titled: Cash management in small and medium firms that use full operating cycle. The work is supported by the National Science Centre, and financed from the Polish budget resources in the years 2015–2018 according to contract UMO-2014/13/B/HS4/00192 as the research project DEC-2014/13/B/HS4/00192.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Michalski, G., Rutkowska-Podołowska, M., Sulich, A. (2018). Remodeling of FLIEM: The Cash Management in Polish Small and Medium Firms with Full Operating Cycle in Various Business Environments. In: Dudycz, T., Osbert-Pociecha, G., Brycz, B. (eds) Efficiency in Business and Economics. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68285-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68285-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68284-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68285-3
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)