Skip to main content
Book cover

ModelEd, TestEd, TrustEd pp 3–26Cite as

From LOTOS to LNT

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNPSE,volume 10500)

Abstract

We revisit the early publications of Ed Brinksma devoted, on the one hand, to the definition of the formal description technique LOTOS (ISO International Standard 8807:1989) for specifying communication protocols and distributed systems, and, on the other hand, to two proposals (Extended LOTOS and Modular LOTOS) for making LOTOS a simpler and more expressive language. We examine how this scientific agenda has been dealt with during the last decades. We review the successive enhancements of LOTOS that led to the definition of three languages: E-LOTOS (ISO International Standard 15437:2001), then LOTOS NT, and finally LNT. We present the software implementations (compilers and translators) developed for these new languages and report about their use in various application domains.

Keywords

  • Abstract data type
  • Algebraic specification
  • Concurrency theory
  • E-LOTOS
  • Formal description technique
  • Formal method
  • Formal specification
  • LOTOS
  • LNT
  • Process algebra
  • Process calculus
  • Specification language

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68270-9_1
  • Chapter length: 24 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-319-68270-9
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://cadp.inria.fr.

  2. 2.

    http://vasy.inria.fr/traian.

  3. 3.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/man/lpp.html.

  4. 4.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/man/lnt2lotos.html.

  5. 5.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/man/lnt.open.html.

  6. 6.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/09-k-failure-management.html.

  7. 7.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/09-h-tftp.html.

  8. 8.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/11-i-selfconfig.html.

  9. 9.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/11-h-synergy.html.

  10. 10.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/13-g-dynamic-management.html.

  11. 11.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/10-f-mutex.html.

  12. 12.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/13-d-multiway.html.

  13. 13.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/15-g-raft.html.

  14. 14.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/16-b-concurrent.html.

  15. 15.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/11-g-dtd.html.

  16. 16.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/13-e-ace.html.

  17. 17.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/15-f-des.html.

  18. 18.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/13-f-utahnoc.html.

  19. 19.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/14-d-hmi.html.

  20. 20.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/15-d-plastic-user-interfaces.html.

  21. 21.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/14-c-energybus.html.

  22. 22.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/case-studies/17-a-production-cell.html.

  23. 23.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/12-e-choreography.html.

  24. 24.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/12-i-dftcalc.html.

  25. 25.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/13-a-eb3.html.

  26. 26.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/14-c-grl.html.

  27. 27.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/15-b-ocarina.html.

  28. 28.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/13-d-pic2lnt.html.

  29. 29.

    http://cadp.inria.fr/software/16-a-vbpmn.html.

References

  1. Abid, R., Salaün, G., Bongiovanni, F., De Palma, N.: Verification of a dynamic management protocol for cloud applications. In: Van Hung, D., Ogawa, M. (eds.) ATVA 2013. LNCS, vol. 8172, pp. 178–192. Springer, Cham (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02444-8_14

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  2. Alur, R., Dill, D.L.: A theory of timed automata. Theor. Comput. Sci. 126(2), 183–235 (1994)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Arnold, F., Belinfante, A., Van der Berg, F., Guck, D., Stoelinga, M.: DFTCalc: a tool for efficient fault tree analysis. In: Bitsch, F., Guiochet, J., Kaâniche, M. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2013. LNCS, vol. 8153, pp. 293–301. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40793-2_27

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  4. Berthomieu, B., Bodeveix, J.P., Farail, P., Filali, M., Garavel, H., Gaufillet, P., Lang, F., Vernadat, F.: FIACRE: an intermediate language for model verification in the TOPCASED environment. In: Laprie, J.C. (ed.) Proceedings of the 4th European Congress on Embedded Real-Time Software (ERTS 2008), Toulouse, France, January 2008

    Google Scholar 

  5. Berthomieu, B., Le Sergent, T.: Programming with behaviors in an ML framework — the syntax and semantics of LCS. In: Sannella, D. (ed.) ESOP 1994. LNCS, vol. 788, pp. 89–104. Springer, Heidelberg (1994). doi:10.1007/3-540-57880-3_6

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  6. Bolognesi, T., Brinksma, E.: Introduction to the ISO specification language LOTOS. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 14(1), 25–59 (1988)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  7. Boullier, P., Jourdan, M.: A new error repair and recovery scheme for lexical and syntactic analysis. Sci. Comput. Program. 9(3), 271–286 (1987)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  8. Boyer, F., Gruber, O., Salaün, G.: Specifying and verifying the SYNERGY reconfiguration protocol with LOTOS NT and CADP. In: Butler, M., Schulte, W. (eds.) FM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6664, pp. 103–117. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21437-0_10

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  9. Brinksma, E., Leih, G.: Enhancements of LOTOS. In: Bolognesi, T., Lagemaat, J., Vissers, C. (eds.) LOTOSphere: Software Development with LOTOS, pp. 453–466. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1995)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  10. Brinksma, E.: A tutorial on LOTOS. In: Diaz, M. (ed.) Proceedings of the 5th IFIP International Workshop on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification (PSTV 1885), Moissac, France, pp. 171–194. North-Holland, Amsterdam, June 1985

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brinksma, E.: On the design of Extended LOTOS - a specification language for open distributed systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente, November 1988

    Google Scholar 

  12. Brinksma, E.: Constraint-oriented specification in a constructive formal description technique. In: de Bakker, J.W., de Roever, W.-P., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) REX 1989. LNCS, vol. 430, pp. 130–152. Springer, Heidelberg (1990). doi:10.1007/3-540-52559-9_63

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  13. Brinksma, E.: Task 1.4 Deliverable on Language Enhancements, LOTOSphere (ESPRIT Projet 2304) Document ref. Lo/WP1/T1.4/N0016/V3, 146 p., April 1992

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brinksma, E., Karjoth, G.: A specification of the OSI transport service in LOTOS. In: Yemini, Y., Strom, R.E., Yemini, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th IFIP International Workshop on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification, Skytop Lodge, PA, USA, pp. 227–251. North-Holland, Amsterdam, June 1984

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brinksma, E., Katoen, J.P., Langerak, R., Latella, D.: A stochastic causality-based process algebra. Comput. J. 38(7), 552–565 (1995)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  16. Brinksma, E., Tretmans, J., Verhaard, L.: A framework for test selection. In: Jonsson, B., Parrow, J., Pehrson, B. (eds.) Proceedings of the IFIP WG6.1 9th International Symposium on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification, Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 233–248. North-Holland, Amsterdam, June 1991

    Google Scholar 

  17. Brookes, S.D., Hoare, C.A.R., Roscoe, A.W.: A theory of communicating sequential processes. J. ACM 31(3), 560–599 (1984)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. CCITT: Specification and Description Language. Recommendation Z.100, International Consultative Committee for Telephony and Telegraphy, Geneva, March 1988

    Google Scholar 

  19. Champelovier, D., Clerc, X., Garavel, H., Guerte, Y., McKinty, C., Powazny, V., Lang, F., Serwe, W., Smeding, G.: Reference Manual of the LNT to LOTOS Translator (Version 6.7), INRIA, Grenoble, France, July 2017

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chebieb, A., Ameur, Y.A.: Formal verification of plastic user interfaces exploiting domain ontologies. In: Zhiqiu, H., Jun, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE 2015), Nanjing, China, pp. 79–86. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, D.C. (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Clark, R.G., Moreira, A.: Use of E-LOTOS in adding formality to UML. J. Univers. Comput. Sci. 6(11), 1071–1087 (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Courtiat, J., Santos, C.A.S., Lohr, C., Outtaj, B.: Experience with RT-LOTOS, a temporal extension of the LOTOS formal description technique. Comput. Commun. 23(12), 1104–1123 (2000)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  23. Crouzen, P., Lang, F.: Smart reduction. In: Giannakopoulou, D., Orejas, F. (eds.) FASE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6603, pp. 111–126. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19811-3_9

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  24. de Souza, W.L., et al.: Design of distributed multimedia applications (DAMD). In: Hutter, D., Stephan, W., Traverso, P., Ullmann, M. (eds.) FM-Trends 1998. LNCS, vol. 1641, pp. 77–91. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). doi:10.1007/3-540-48257-1_4

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  25. Ehrig, H., Fey, W., Hansen, H.: An algebraic specification language with two levels of semantics. Bericht No. 83-03, Fachbereich 20-Informatik, Technische Universität Berlin (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ehrig, H., Mahr, B.: Fundamentals of Algebraic Specification 1: Equations and Initial Semantics. EATCS Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 6. Springer, Heidelberg (1985). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69962-7

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Etchevers, X., Salaün, G., Boyer, F., Coupaye, T., Palma, N.D.: Reliable self-deployment of distributed cloud applications. Softw. Pract. Exp. 47(1), 3–20 (2017)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  28. Evrard, H.: Génération automatique d’implémentation distribuée à partir de modèles formels de processus concurrents asynchrones. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Grenoble, July 2015

    Google Scholar 

  29. Evrard, H.: DLC: compiling a concurrent system formal specification to a distributed implementation. In: Chechik, M., Raskin, J.-F. (eds.) TACAS 2016. LNCS, vol. 9636, pp. 553–559. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49674-9_34

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  30. Evrard, H., Lang, F.: Formal verification of distributed branching multiway synchronization protocols. In: Beyer, D., Boreale, M. (eds.) FMOODS/FORTE -2013. LNCS, vol. 7892, pp. 146–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38592-6_11

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  31. Evrard, H., Lang, F.: Automatic distributed code generation from formal models of asynchronous concurrent processes. In: Aldinucci, M., Daneshtalab, M., Leppänen, V., Lilius, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the 23rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-based Processing - Special Session on Formal Approaches to Parallel and Distributed Systems (PDP/4PAD 2015), Turku, Finland, pp. 459–466. IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington, D.C., March 2015

    Google Scholar 

  32. Evrard, H., Lang, F.: Automatic distributed code generation from formal models of asynchronous processes interacting by multiway rendezvous. J. Log. Algebr. Methods Program. 88, 121–153 (2017)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Garavel, H.: Utilisation du système CESAR pour la vérification de protocoles spécifiés en LOTOS. Rapport SPECTRE C2, Laboratoire de Génie Informatique - Institut IMAG, Grenoble, December 1986

    Google Scholar 

  34. Garavel, H.: Vérification de programmes LOTOS à l’aide du système QUASAR. Master’s thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, September 1986

    Google Scholar 

  35. Garavel, H.: Compilation of LOTOS abstract data types. In: Vuong, S.T. (ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Description Techniques FORTE 1989, Vancouver BC, Canada, pp. 147–162. North-Holland, Amsterdam, December 1989

    Google Scholar 

  36. Garavel, H.: On the introduction of gate typing in E-LOTOS. In: Dembinski, P., Sredniawa, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 15th IFIP International Workshop on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification (PSTV 1995), Warsaw, Poland, pp. 283–298. Chapman & Hall, New York, June 1995

    Google Scholar 

  37. Garavel, H.: OPEN/CÆSAR: an open software architecture for verification, simulation, and testing. In: Steffen, B. (ed.) TACAS 1998. LNCS, vol. 1384, pp. 68–84. Springer, Heidelberg (1998). doi:10.1007/BFb0054165

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  38. Garavel, H.: Défense et illustration des algèbres de processus. In: Mammeri, Z. (ed.) Actes de l’Ecole d’été Temps Réel ETR 2003, Toulouse, France. Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, September 2003

    Google Scholar 

  39. Garavel, H.: Reflections on the future of concurrency theory in general and process calculi in particular. In: Palamidessi, C., Valencia, F.D. (eds.) Proceedings of the LIX Colloquium on Emerging Trends in Concurrency Theory, Ecole Polytechnique de Paris, France, 13–15 November 2006. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 209, pp. 149–164. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, April 2008. Also available as INRIA Research Report RR-6368

    Google Scholar 

  40. Garavel, H.: Revisiting sequential composition in process calculi. J. Log. Algebr. Methods Program. 84(6), 742–762 (2015)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Garavel, H., Hermanns, H.: On combining functional verification and performance evaluation using CADP. In: Eriksson, L.-H., Lindsay, P.A. (eds.) FME 2002. LNCS, vol. 2391, pp. 410–429. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). doi:10.1007/3-540-45614-7_23

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  42. Garavel, H., Lang, F.: SVL: a scripting language for compositional verification. In: Kim, M., Chin, B., Kang, S., Lee, D. (eds.) FORTE 2001. IIFIP, vol. 69, pp. 377–392. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2002). doi:10.1007/0-306-47003-9_24

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  43. Garavel, H., Lang, F.: NTIF: a general symbolic model for communicating sequential processes with data. In: Peled, D.A., Vardi, M.Y. (eds.) FORTE 2002. LNCS, vol. 2529, pp. 276–291. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). doi:10.1007/3-540-36135-9_18

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  44. Garavel, H., Lang, F., Mateescu, R.: Compiler construction using LOTOS NT. In: Horspool, R.N. (ed.) CC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2304, pp. 9–13. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). doi:10.1007/3-540-45937-5_3

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  45. Garavel, H., Lang, F., Mateescu, R., Serwe, W.: CADP 2011: a toolbox for the construction and analysis of distributed processes. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. (STTT) 15(2), 89–107 (2013). Springer

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. Garavel, H., Salaün, G., Serwe, W.: On the semantics of communicating hardware processes and their translation into LOTOS for the verification of asynchronous circuits with CADP. Sci. Comput. Program. 74(3), 100–127 (2009)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. Garavel, H., Serwe, W.: The unheralded value of the multiway rendezvous: illustration with the production cell benchmark. In: Hermanns, H., Höfner, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Models for Formal Analysis of Real Systems (MARS 2017), Uppsala, Sweden, vol. 244, pp. 230–270. Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, April 2017

    Google Scholar 

  48. Garavel, H., Sifakis, J.: Compilation and verification of LOTOS specifications. In: Logrippo, L., Probert, R.L., Ural, H. (eds.) Proceedings of the 10th IFIP International Symposium on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification (PSTV 1990), Ottawa, Canada, pp. 379–394. North-Holland, Amsterdam, June 1990

    Google Scholar 

  49. Garavel, H., Sighireanu, M.: On the introduction of exceptions in LOTOS. In: Gotzhein, R., Bredereke, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the IFIP Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols, and Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification (FORTE/PSTV 1996), Kaiserslautern, Germany, pp. 469–484. Chapman & Hall, New York, October 1996

    Google Scholar 

  50. Garavel, H., Sighireanu, M.: Towards a second generation of formal description techniques - rationale for the design of E-LOTOS. In: Groote, J.F., Luttik, B., Wamel, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 1998), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 187–230. CWI, Amsterdam, May 1998. Invited lecture

    Google Scholar 

  51. Garavel, H., Sighireanu, M.: A graphical parallel composition operator for process algebras. In: Wu, J., Chanson, S.T., Gao, Q. (eds.) Formal Methods for Protocol Engineering and Distributed Systems. IAICT, vol. 28, pp. 185–202. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1999)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  52. Garavel, H., Thivolle, D.: Verification of GALS systems by combining synchronous languages and process calculi. In: Păsăreanu, C.S. (ed.) SPIN 2009. LNCS, vol. 5578, pp. 241–260. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02652-2_20

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  53. Graf-Brill, A., Hermanns, H., Garavel, H.: A model-based certification framework for the EnergyBus standard. In: Ábrahám, E., Palamidessi, C. (eds.) FORTE 2014. LNCS, vol. 8461, pp. 84–99. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43613-4_6

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  54. Guck, D., Spel, J., Stoelinga, M.: DFTCalc: reliability centered maintenance via fault tree analysis (tool paper). In: Butler, M., Conchon, S., Zaïdi, F. (eds.) ICFEM 2015. LNCS, vol. 9407, pp. 304–311. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25423-4_19

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  55. Güdemann, M., Salaün, G., Ouederni, M.: Counterexample guided synthesis of monitors for realizability enforcement. In: Chakraborty, S., Mukund, M. (eds.) ATVA 2012. LNCS, vol. 7561, pp. 238–253. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33386-6_20

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  56. Huecas, G., Llana-Díaz, L., Quemada, J., Robles, T., Verdejo, A.: Process calculi: E-LOTOS. In: Bowman, H., Derrick, J. (eds.) Formal Methods for Distributed Processing: A Survey of Object-Oriented Approaches, pp. 77–104. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Huecas, G., Llana-Díaz, L., Robles, T., Verdejo, A.: E-LOTOS: an overview. In: Marsan, M.A., Quemada, J., Robles, T., Silva, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Methods and Telecommunications (WFMT’99), Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 94–102. Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, September 1999

    Google Scholar 

  58. ISO/IEC: LOTOS - A Formal Description Technique Based on the Temporal Ordering of Observational Behaviour. Draft International Standard 8807, International Organization for Standardization - Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection, Geneva, July 1987

    Google Scholar 

  59. ISO/IEC: ESTELLE - A Formal Description Technique Based on an Extended State Transition Model. International Standard 9074, International Organization for Standardization - Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection, Geneva, September 1988

    Google Scholar 

  60. ISO/IEC: LOTOS - A Formal Description Technique Based on the Temporal Ordering of Observational Behaviour. International Standard 8807, International Organization for Standardization - Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection, Geneva, September 1989

    Google Scholar 

  61. ISO/IEC: Enhancements to LOTOS (E-LOTOS). International Standard 15437:2001, International Organization for Standardization - Information Technology, Geneva, September 2001

    Google Scholar 

  62. Jebali, F., Lang, F., Mateescu, R.: Formal modelling and verification of GALS systems using GRL and CADP. Formal Asp. Comput. 28(5), 767–804 (2016)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  63. Jourdan, M., Parigot, D.: Application development with the FNC-2 attribute grammar system. In: Hammer, D. (ed.) CC 1990. LNCS, vol. 477, pp. 11–25. Springer, Heidelberg (1991). doi:10.1007/3-540-53669-8_71

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  64. Kriouile, A., Serwe, W.: Formal analysis of the ACE specification for cache coherent systems-on-chip. In: Pecheur, C., Dierkes, M. (eds.) FMICS 2013. LNCS, vol. 8187, pp. 108–122. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41010-9_8

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  65. Kriouile, A., Serwe, W.: Using a formal model to improve verification of a cache-coherent system-on-chip. In: Baier, C., Tinelli, C. (eds.) TACAS 2015. LNCS, vol. 9035, pp. 708–722. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_62

    Google Scholar 

  66. Lang, F.: Compositional verification using SVL scripts. In: Katoen, J.-P., Stevens, P. (eds.) TACAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2280, pp. 465–469. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). doi:10.1007/3-540-46002-0_33

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  67. Lang, F.: Exp.Open 2.0: a flexible tool integrating partial order, compositional, and on-the-fly verification methods. In: Romijn, J., Smith, G., van de Pol, J. (eds.) IFM 2005. LNCS, vol. 3771, pp. 70–88. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:10.1007/11589976_6. Full version available as INRIA Research Report RR-5673

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  68. Lang, F., Salaün, G., Hérilier, R., Kramer, J., Magee, J.: Translating FSP into LOTOS and networks of automata. Formal Asp. Comput. 22(6), 681–711 (2010)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  69. Lantreibecq, E., Serwe, W.: Formal analysis of a hardware dynamic task dispatcher with CADP. Sci. Comput. Program. 80(Part A), 130–149 (2014)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  70. Leduc, G., Jeffrey, A., Sighireanu, M.: Introduction à E-LOTOS. In: Cavalli, A. (ed.) Ingénierie des protocoles et qualité de service. Collection IC2, chap. 6, pp. 213–253. Hermès, Paris (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Léonard, L., Leduc, G.: An introduction to ET-LOTOS for the description of time-sensitive systems. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 29(3), 271–292 (1997)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  72. Léonard, L., Leduc, G.: A formal definition of time in LOTOS. Formal Asp. Comput. 10(3), 248–266 (1998)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  73. Li, X., Madnick, S., Zhu, H., Fan, Y.: Improving data quality for web services composition. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Quality in Databases (QDB 2009), Lyon, France, August 2009

    Google Scholar 

  74. Massetto, F.I., de Souza, W.L., Zorzo, S.D.: Simulator for E-LOTOS specifications. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Simulation Symposium (SS 2002), San Diego, California, USA, pp. 389–394. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, D.C., April 2002

    Google Scholar 

  75. Mateescu, R.: A generic framework for model checking software architectures. In: Augusto, J.C., Ultes-Nitsche, U. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Verification and Validation of Enterprise Information Systems (VVEIS 2004), Porto, Portugal. INSTICC Press, April 2004. Keynote presentation

    Google Scholar 

  76. Mateescu, R., Monteiro, P.T., Dumas, E., de Jong, H.: Computation tree regular logic for genetic regulatory networks. In: Cha, S.S., Choi, J.-Y., Kim, M., Lee, I., Viswanathan, M. (eds.) ATVA 2008. LNCS, vol. 5311, pp. 48–63. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88387-6_6

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  77. Mateescu, R., Salaün, G.: PIC2LNT: model transformation for model checking an applied pi-calculus. In: Piterman, N., Smolka, S.A. (eds.) TACAS 2013. LNCS, vol. 7795, pp. 192–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36742-7_14

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  78. Mateescu, R., Serwe, W.: Model checking and performance evaluation with CADP illustrated on shared-memory mutual exclusion protocols. Sci. Comput. Program. 78(7), 843–861 (2013)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  79. Mateescu, R., Thivolle, D.: A model checking language for concurrent value-passing systems. In: Cuellar, J., Maibaum, T., Sere, K. (eds.) FM 2008. LNCS, vol. 5014, pp. 148–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68237-0_12

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  80. de Meer, J., Roth, R., Vuong, S.: Introduction to algebraic specifications based on the language ACT ONE. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 23(5), 363–392 (1992)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  81. Milne, G.J.: CIRCAL and the representation of communication, concurrency, and time. ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst. 7(2), 270–298 (1985)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  82. Milner, R. (ed.): A Calculus of Communicating Systems. LNCS, vol. 92. Springer, Heidelberg (1980). doi:10.1007/3-540-10235-3

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  83. Milner, R.: Calculi for synchrony and asynchrony. Theor. Comput. Sci. 25, 267–310 (1983)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  84. Mkaouar, H., Zalila, B., Hugues, J., Jmaiel, M.: From AADL model to LNT specification. In: de la Puente, J.A., Vardanega, T. (eds.) Ada-Europe 2015. LNCS, vol. 9111, pp. 146–161. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19584-1_10

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  85. Oliveira, R., Dupuy-Chessa, S., Calvary, G., Dadolle, D.: Using formal models to cross check an implementation. In: Luyten, K., Palanque, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS 2016), Brussels, Belgium, pp. 126–137. ACM, New York, June 2016

    Google Scholar 

  86. Poizat, P., Salaün, G.: Checking the realizability of BPMN 2.0 choreographies. In: Proceedings of the 27th Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC 2012), Riva del Garda, Italy. ACM Press, New York, March 2012

    Google Scholar 

  87. Poizat, P., Salaün, G., Krishna, A.: Checking business process evolution. In: Kouchnarenko, O., Khosravi, R. (eds.) FACS 2016. LNCS, vol. 10231, pp. 36–53. Springer, Cham (2017). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57666-4_4

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  88. Ponsini, O., Fédèle, C., Kounalis, E.: Rewriting of imperative programs into logical equations. Sci. Comput. Program. 56(3), 363–401 (2005)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  89. Quemada, J.: E-LOTOS Has Born, February 1997. Email announcement available from ftp://ftp.inrialpes.fr/pub/vasy/publications/elotos/announce-97.txt

  90. Roth, R., de Meer, J., Storp, S.: Data specifications in Modular LOTOS. In: Bolognesi, T., Lagemaat, J., Vissers, C. (eds.) LOTOSphere: Software Development with LOTOS, pp. 467–479. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1995)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  91. Serwe, W.: Formal specification and verification of fully asynchronous implementations of the Data Encryption Standard. In: van Glabbeek, R., Groote, J.F., Höfner, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Models for Formal Analysis of Real Systems (MARS 2015), Suva, Fiji. Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 196. Open Publishing Association (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Shankland, C., Verdejo, A.: Time, E-LOTOS, and the FireWire. In: Marsan, M.A., Quemada, J., Robles, T., Silva, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Methods and Telecommunications (WFMT 1999), Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 103–119. Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, September 1999

    Google Scholar 

  93. Shankland, C., Verdejo, A.: A case study in abstraction using E-LOTOS and the FireWire. Comput. Netw. 37(3/4), 481–502 (2001)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  94. Sighireanu, M.: Contribution à la définition et à l’implémentation du langage “Extended LOTOS”. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), January 1999

    Google Scholar 

  95. Sighireanu, M., Catry, A., Champelovier, D., Garavel, H., Lang, F., Schaeffer, G., Serwe, W., Stoecker, J.: LOTOS NT User’s Manual (Version 2.8), INRIA/CONVECS, Grenoble, France, 109 p. ftp://ftp.inrialpes.fr/pub/vasy/traian/manual.pdf

  96. Sighireanu, M., Turner, K.: Requirement capture, formal description and verification of an invoicing system. Research Report RR-3575, INRIA, Grenoble, December 1998

    Google Scholar 

  97. Stöcker, J., Lang, F., Garavel, H.: Parallel processes with real-time and data: the ATLANTIF intermediate format. In: Leuschel, M., Wehrheim, H. (eds.) IFM 2009. LNCS, vol. 5423, pp. 88–102. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00255-7_7

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  98. Thivolle, D.: Langages modernes pour la vérification des systèmes asynchrones. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France and Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania, April 2011

    Google Scholar 

  99. Turner, K.J., Sighireanu, M.: (E)-Lotos: (enhanced) language of temporal ordering specification. In: Frappier, M., Habrias, H. (eds.) Software Specification Methods: An Overview Using a Case Study, pp. 166–190. Springer, London (2001). doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0701-9_10

    Google Scholar 

  100. Vekris, D., Lang, F., Dima, C., Mateescu, R.: Verification of EB3 specifications using CADP. Formal Asp. Comput. 28(1), 145–178 (2016)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  101. Verdejo, A.: E-LOTOS: Tutorial and Semantics. Master’s thesis, Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Programación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain, June 1999

    Google Scholar 

  102. Wu, H., Yang, X., Katoen, J.-P.: Performance evaluation of concurrent data structures. In: Fränzle, M., Kapur, D., Zhan, N. (eds.) SETTA 2016. LNCS, vol. 9984, pp. 38–49. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47677-3_3

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  103. Zhang, Z., Serwe, W., Wu, J., Zheng, T.Y.H., Myers, C.: An improved fault-tolerant routing algorithm for a network-on-chip derived with formal analysis. Sci. Comput. Program. 118, 24–39 (2016)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRIA, Grenoble, France

    Hubert Garavel, Frédéric Lang & Wendelin Serwe

  2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIG, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Hubert Garavel, Frédéric Lang & Wendelin Serwe

  3. CNRS, LIG, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Hubert Garavel, Frédéric Lang & Wendelin Serwe

Authors
  1. Hubert Garavel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frédéric Lang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wendelin Serwe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hubert Garavel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Prof. Joost-Pieter Katoen

  2. University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Rom Langerak

  3. University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Dr. Arend Rensink

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Garavel, H., Lang, F., Serwe, W. (2017). From LOTOS to LNT. In: Katoen, JP., Langerak, R., Rensink, A. (eds) ModelEd, TestEd, TrustEd. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10500. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68270-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68270-9_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68269-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68270-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)