Abstract
Maps of underground construction works, such as water pipes and water drainage systems are necessary for expansion of urban areas. For shallow depths, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) can provide high-resolution subsurface images. Electromagnetic velocity is crucial in time-to-depth conversion and imaging of the structures from the GPR section. Shielded common-offset antennas can work in city surroundings due to superior noise isolation properties. We have implemented new automatic/semiautomatic strategies to define the electromagnetic velocity and locations of the construction works by using common offset GPR data. In our approach, Kirchhoff migration is employed to image underground objects by correcting the locations of subsurface reflectors (i.e. diffractors, dips). The automatic technique helps define the velocity and position of an object or a diffractor by targeting high-valued data points in the maximum energy difference section, which is calculated from multiple migrated GPR sections of different velocities. When migrated correctly, a collapsed diffractor will contain the majority of its energy at the peak of the diffraction hyperbola. If migrated using the wrong velocity, the peak of the diffraction hyperbola will contain the least energy, with the rest of the energy smeared over migration artefacts. In the semiautomatic technique, the calculated velocities and positions from the first strategy can help interpreters in judging focused zones and under/over migration artefacts from different migrated GPR sections by using a limited velocity band. We applied the techniques to 2D/3D visualizations of underground pipes from one numerical model and a case study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bitri, A., Grandjean, G.: Frequency–wavenumber modelling and migration of 2D GPR data in moderately heterogeneous dispersive media. Geophys. Prospect. 46, 287–301 (1998)
Irving, J., Knight, R.: Numerical modeling of ground-penetrating radar in 2-D using MATLAB. Comput. Geosci. 32, 1247–1258 (2006)
Fisher, S.C., Stewart, R.R., Jol, H.M.: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data enhancement using seismic techniques. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. 1, 89–96 (1996)
Liner, C.L., Liner, J.L.: Application of GPR to a site investigation involving shallow faults. Lead. Edge 16, 1649–1651 (1997)
Singh, K., Kumar, I., Singh, U.K.: Interpretation of voids or buried pipes using Ground Penetrating Radar modeling. J. Geol. Soc. India 81, 397–404 (2013)
Toshioka, T., Tsuchida, T., Sasahara, K.: Application of GPR to detecting and mapping cracks in rock slopes. J. Appl. Geophys. 33, 119–124 (1995)
Strobach, E., Harris, B.D., Dupuis, J.C., Kepic, A.W.: Waveguide properties recovered from shallow diffractions in common offset GPR. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 118, 39–50 (2013)
Liu, L., He, K., Xie, X., Du, J.: Image enhancement with wave-equation redatuming: application to GPR data collected at public transportation sites. J. Geophys. Eng. 4, 139 (2007)
Nguyen, V.G., Marquis, G., Le, M.: EM and GPR investigations of contaminant spread around the Hoc Mon waste site, Vietnam. Acta Geophys. 58, 1040–1055 (2010)
Nguyen, V.G., Ziętek, J., Nguyen, B.D., Karczewski, J., Gołębiowski, T.: Study of geological sedimentary structures of Mekong river banks by Ground Penetrating Radar: forecasting avulsion-prone zones. Acta Geophys. Polonica 53, 167–181 (2005)
Doolittle, J.A., Collins, M.E.: Use of soil information to determine application of ground penetrating radar. J. Appl. Geophys. 33, 101–108 (1995)
Smith, D.G., Jol, H.M.: Ground penetrating radar: antenna frequencies and maximum probable depths of penetration in Quaternary sediments. J. Appl. Geophys. 33, 93–100 (1995)
Tzanis, A.: matGPR Release 2: a freeware MATLAB® package for the analysis & interpretation of common and single offset GPR data. FastTimes 15, 17–43 (2010)
Yilmaz, O.: Seismic Data Analysis: Processing, Inversion, and Interpretation of Seismic Data. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, United States of America (2001)
Sham, J.F., Lai, W.W.: Development of a new algorithm for accurate estimation of GPR’s wave propagation velocity by common-offset survey method. NDT E Int. 83, 104–113 (2016)
Forte, E., Dossi, M., Pipan, M., Colucci, R.: Velocity analysis from common offset GPR data inversion: theory and application to synthetic and real data. Geophys. J. Int. 197, 1471–1483 (2014)
Zhao, W., Tian, G., Forte, E., Pipan, M., Wang, Y., Li, X., Shi, Z., Liu, H.: Advances in GPR data acquisition and analysis for archaeology. Geophys. J. Int. 202, 62–71 (2015)
Stinson, K., Crase, E., Chan, W., Levy, S.: Optimized determination of migration velocities. Recorder 30, 5–6 (2005)
Maas, C., Schmalzl, J.: Using pattern recognition to automatically localize reflection hyperbolas in data from ground penetrating radar. Comput. Geosci. 58, 116–125 (2013)
Al-Nuaimy, W., Huang, Y., Nakhkash, M., Fang, M., Nguyen, V., Eriksen, A.: Automatic detection of buried utilities and solid objects with GPR using neural networks and pattern recognition. J. Appl. Geophys. 43, 157–165 (2000)
Szymczyk, P., Tomecka-Suchoń, S., Szymczyk, M.: Neural networks as a tool for georadar data processing. Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 25, 955–960 (2015)
Illingworth, J., Kittler, J.: A survey of the Hough transform. Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process. 44, 87–116 (1988)
Le, C.V.A., Harris, B.D., Pethick, A.M., Takam Takougang, E.M., Howe, B.: Semiautomatic and automatic cooperative inversion of seismic and magnetotelluric data. Surv. Geophys. 37, 845–896 (2016)
Samarasinghe, S.: Neural Networks for Applied Sciences and Engineering From Fundamentals to Complex Pattern Recognition. Auerbach Publications, New York (2006)
https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/37388-fast-2d-peak-finder
Tzanis, A.: MATGPR: A freeware MATLAB package for the analysis of common-offset GPR data. In: Geophysical Research Abstracts (2006)
Margrave, G.F.: Numerical methods of exploration seismology with algorithms in Matlab. CREWES Toolbox Version 1006 (2003)
Acknowledgments
We are thankful for the helpful discussion and assistance given by Alex Costall, Michael Carson from Curtin University and Vu Lam. We would like to thank the Ho Chi Minh City Department of Science and Technology, the Ho Chi Minh City Department of Transport and Enteco Company for their supports.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nguyen, T.V., Le, C.A.V., Nguyen, V.T., Dang, T.H., Vo, T.M., Vo, L.N.N. (2018). Energy Analysis in Semiautomatic and Automatic Velocity Estimation for Ground Penetrating Radar Data in Urban Areas: Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In: Tien Bui, D., Ngoc Do, A., Bui, HB., Hoang, ND. (eds) Advances and Applications in Geospatial Technology and Earth Resources. GTER 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68240-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68240-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68239-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68240-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)