Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Product Tracking and WEEE Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems in Manufacturing

Abstract

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is both valuable and harmful since it contains a large number of profitable and hazardous materials and elements at the same time. At component level, many parts of the discarded equipment are still functional and recoverable. Thus it is necessary to develop a distributed and intelligent system to support WEEE component recovery and recycling . In recent years, the cloud concept has gained increasing popularity since it provides a service-oriented architecture that integrates various resources over the network. Cloud manufacturing systems are proposed worldwide to support operational manufacturing processes. In this chapter, cloud manufacturing is further extended to the WEEE recovery and recycling context. The cloud services are applied in WEEE recovery and recycling processes by tracking and management services. These services include all the stakeholders from the beginning to the end of life of the electric and electronic equipment. A cloud-based WEEE recovery system is developed to provide modularised recovery services in the cloud. A data management system is developed as well, which maintains the knowledge throughout the product lifecycle. A product tracking mechanism is also introduced with the help of the Quick Response (QR) code method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. US Environmental Protection Agency, Statistics on the Management of Used and End-of-Life Electronics (2012). Available http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/materials/ecycling/manage.htm

  2. J. Li et al., Regional or global WEEE recycling. Where to go? Waste Manag. 33, 923–934 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Li et al., Heavy metal contamination of surface soil in electronic waste dismantling area: site investigation and source-apportionment analysis. Waste Manag. Res. p. 0734242X10397580 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Sepúlveda et al., A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 30, 28–41 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. X. Yang et al., Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): a review. Waste Manag. (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Leung et al., Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. 8, 21–33 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B.N. Lopez et al., Major pollutants in soils of abandoned agricultural land contaminated by e-waste activities in Hong Kong. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 61, 101–114 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.-P. Wu et al., Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wild aquatic species from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in South China. Environ. Int. 34, 1109–1113 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. W. Deng et al., Distribution of PBDEs in air particles from an electronic waste recycling site compared with Guangzhou and Hong Kong, South China. Environ. Int. 33, 1063–1069 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Ni et al., A review of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in China. Int. j hyg. environ. health (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. Zhao et al., Burdens of PBBs, PBDEs, and PCBs in tissues of the cancer patients in the e-waste disassembly sites in Zhejiang, China. Sci. Total Environ. 407, 4831–4837 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. E. Dimitrakakis et al., Small WEEE: determining recyclables and hazardous substances in plastics. J. Hazard. Mater. 161, 913–919 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. F. Ongondo et al., ICT reuse in socio-economic enterprises. Waste Manag 33, 2600–2606 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Goodship, A. Stevels, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook Cambridge (Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. BS 8887-211. Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End-of-life processing (MADE)—Specification for Reworking and Remarketing of Computing Hardware (British Standards Institution, London, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  16. W. Ijomah et al., Development of robust design-for-remanufacturing guidelines to further the aims of sustainable development. Int. J. Prod. Res. 45, 4513–4536 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Sobolewski, Object-oriented service clouds for transdisciplinary computing, in Cloud Computing and Services Science, ed. Cham (Springer, Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London 2012), pp. 3–31

    Google Scholar 

  18. L. Zhang et al., Cloud manufacturing: a new manufacturing paradigm. Enterp. Inform. Syst. 8, 167–187 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. D. Wu et al., Cloud-based design and manufacturing: a new paradigm in digital manufacturing and design innovation. Comput. Aided Des. 59, 1–14 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. L. Wang, Machine availability monitoring and machining process planning towards cloud manufacturing. CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol. 6, 263–273 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. X.V. Wang, X. Xu, ICMS: a cloud-based manufacturing system, in Cloud Manufacturing: Distributed Computing Technologies for Global and Sustainable Manufacturing, ed. by W. Li, J. Mehnen (Springer, London, 2013), pp. 1–22

    Google Scholar 

  22. X.V. Wang, L. Wang, From cloud manufacturing to cloud remanufacturing: a cloud-based approach for WEEE recovery. Manuf. Lett. 2014, 91–95 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Wang et al., A cloud-based approach for WEEE remanufacturing. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 63, 409–412 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. X.V. Wang, X. Xu, An interoperable solution for cloud manufacturing. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 29, 232–247 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. X.V. Wang, X. Xu, Virtualize manufacturing capabilities in the cloud: requirements, architecture and implementation. Int. J. Manuf. Res. 9, 348–368 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. X. Xu, From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 28, 75–86 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Wang, Web-based decision making for collaborative manufacturing. Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 22, 334–344 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. L. Wang, Wise-ShopFloor: an integrated approach for web-based collaborative manufacturing. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev. IEEE Trans. 38, 562–573 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Q. Hao et al., Towards a cooperative distributed manufacturing management framework. Comput. Ind. 56, 71–84 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. L. Wang et al., Wise-shopfloor: a web-based and sensor-driven e-shop floor. J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 4, 56–60 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. L. Wang et al., A Java 3D-enabled cyber workspace. Commun. ACM 45, 45–49 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  32. H.C. Zhang et al., A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 53, 5–8 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. I. Fidan et al., Intelligent simulation environment for electronics remanufacturing systems, in Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium, IEEE/CPMT/SEMI 29th International, 2004, 160–164

    Google Scholar 

  34. F. Toyasaki et al., The value of information systems for product recovery management. Int. J. Prod. Res. 51, 1214–1235 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Koh et al., Cross-tier ripple and indirect effects of directives WEEE and RoHS on greening a supply chain. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 140, 305–317 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Tompson, S. Chainey, Profiling illegal waste activity: using crime scripts as a data collection and analytical strategy. Eur. J. Crim. Policy Res 17, 179–201 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. van Schaik, M.A. Reuter, Dynamic modelling of E-waste recycling system performance based on product design. Miner. Eng. 23, 192–210 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. X. Yang et al., Intelligent products: from lifecycle data acquisition to enabling product-related services. Comput. Ind. 60, 184–194 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. T.C. Kuo, The construction of a collaborative-design platform to support waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 26, 100–108 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. S. Rahimifard et al., Recycling process planning for the End-of-life management of waste from electrical and electronic equipment. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 58, 5–8 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. R. Gamberini et al., On the integration of planning and environmental impact assessment for a WEEE transportation network—a case study. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 54, 937–951 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. C. Achillas et al., Decision support system for the optimal location of electrical and electronic waste treatment plants: a case study in Greece. Waste Manag 30, 870–879 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. C. Achillas et al., Optimising reverse logistics network to support policy-making in the case of Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Waste Manag 30, 2592–2600 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Z. Che, Using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and particle swarm optimisation for balanced and defective supply chain problems considering WEEE/RoHS directives. Int. J. Prod. Res. 48, 3355–3381 (2010)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. ISO, ISO 10303 -1: Industrial Automation Systems and Integration—Product Data Representation and Exchange—Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles (ISO, Geneva, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  46. ISO 14649-1. Industrial Automation Systems and Integration—Physical Device Control—Data Model for Computerized Numerical Controllers—Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  47. L. Swanson, Linking maintenance strategies to performance. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 70, 237–244 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. ISO/IEC 18004: Information Technology—Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques—QR Code 2005 bar code Symbology Specification, (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  49. CHR, Global end-use breakdown of the lead consumption. Pers. Commun. (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  50. International Lead Association ILA, Lead Recycling, Sustainability in Action. Lead Action 21 (Oct 2014). Available http://www.ila-lead.org/UserFiles/File/ILA9927%20FS_Recycling_V06.pdf

  51. M. Dittrich, S. Bringezu, The physical dimension of international trade: Part 1: direct global flows between 1962 and 2005. Ecol. Econ. 69, 1838–1847 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Production Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lihui Wang & Xi Vincent Wang

Authors
  1. Lihui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xi Vincent Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lihui Wang .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wang, L., Wang, X.V. (2018). Product Tracking and WEEE Management. In: Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems in Manufacturing . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67693-7_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67693-7_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67692-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67693-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation