Abstract
This chapter contains a description of the proposed agent-based model, using the well-known “Overview, Design Concepts and Details” protocol. The model was implemented in NetLogo and is based on the same two types of agents—citizens and law-enforcement—as in Epstein’s model, but “citizen” agents have one subtype (“activist”) used for implementing network influence effects. The salient aspects of the model description are centered on the submodels for the risk perception, the expression of hardship in terms of value-sensitive relative deprivation, endogenous legitimacy feedback and network influence effects, which provide extensions to Epstein’s model. The model includes two networks called group and infl (for “influentials”), to represent two different types of social influence (due to small and highly cohesive groups or “activists,” respectively). Network influences were implemented using a form of dispositional contagion. The chapter also includes an outline of the R scripts for pre- and post-processing the model results, using the RNetLogo package.
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Notes
- 1.
A cell is considered empty if there is no agent inside it, or if it contains only jailed “citizen” agents. In the NetLogo implementation, “jailed” agents are hidden from view and do not interfere with the other agents’ movement, but cannot be removed from the model space.
- 2.
The theoretical concepts on agenda setting can be found in [8].
- 3.
This speeds up the calculations because the numbers of “active,” “jailed,” and “quiet” agents are used more than once.
- 4.
The scale parameter x m is the minimum possible value/level of welfare, e.g. the minimum national income. The shape parameter determines the inequality of value. It is necessary that α > 1 for finite mean value and variance of the distribution defined by equation (5.3).
- 5.
This value of x m is chosen so that the median of the distribution of value is 1/2, which is equal to the mean value of \(H \sim \mathcal{ U}(0, 1)\).
- 6.
In the present work social RD is not considered, because ethnic, religious or other conflicts related to identity are not modeled.
- 7.
This allows the exact reproducibility of the simulations, if required at a later time.
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Lemos, C.M. (2018). ABM of Civil Violence: ODD Description. In: Agent-Based Modeling of Social Conflict. SpringerBriefs in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67050-8_5
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