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Lignocellulosic Biomass for Energy, Biofuels, Biomaterials, and Chemicals

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Biomass and Green Chemistry

Abstract

The main objective of this chapter is to explore the lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) biorefinery for industrial usage according to green chemistry principles. In particular, the isolation and valorization of lignin as one of the most interesting intermediates of LCF biorefineries is discussed, including lignin isolation, purification, and structure analysis. Structure elucidation involves various chromatographic, spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermochemical methods. Thus, basic structure–property relationships regarding the influence of biomass source and isolation process on lignin amount, constitution, and 3D structure are highlighted. Furthermore, storage effects on lignin structure and degradation effects are presented. Finally, potential applications are discussed, including novel lignin-based hydrogels, composite compounds (hybrids), and nanomaterials. Focus is drawn to antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lignin for applications in packaging and biomedicine, that is, biomaterials for drug release and tissue engineering.

The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66736-2_9

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Acknowledgments

Financial support (scholarship) was given to Abla Alzagameem by the Avempace-II Erasmus-Mundus Programme and the Graduate Institute of the Bonn-Rhein- Sieg University of Applied Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany

    Abla Alzagameem & Birgit Kamm

  2. Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany

    Abla Alzagameem, Basma El Khaldi-Hansen & Margit Schulze

  3. Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Linz, Austria

    Birgit Kamm

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  1. Abla Alzagameem
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  2. Basma El Khaldi-Hansen
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Correspondence to Birgit Kamm .

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  1. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, National Research Center for Agroenergy (Embrapa Agroenergy), Embrapa Agroenergia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    SĂ­lvio Vaz Jr.

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Alzagameem, A., El Khaldi-Hansen, B., Kamm, B., Schulze, M. (2018). Lignocellulosic Biomass for Energy, Biofuels, Biomaterials, and Chemicals. In: Vaz Jr., S. (eds) Biomass and Green Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66736-2_5

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