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Curves, Maps and Hotspots: The Diversity and Distribution of Araneomorph Spiders in the Neotropics

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Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders

Abstract

The infraorder Araneomorphae comprises more than nine-tenths of spider diversity, including most of the better known web-weaving spiders. As observed for other taxa, the group is particularly diverse in the Neotropics, where it can be find in any terrestrial ecosystem. In this chapter we synthesize the current taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge on the Neotropical araneomorphs, based on a large database of species described since 1758. We describe the pattern of described species accumulation through time in the Neotropics, and explore factors responsible for variations in species discovery in space and time. We also use statistical methods to predict the total number of species in the Neotropics and discuss the challenges involved in the description of the remaining Neotropical species. Finally, we describe biogeographical patterns throughout the Neotropics, based on detailed species distribution data for well-known spider families.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Marcelo O. Gonzaga and Carmen Viera for the opportunity of preparing this revision, for the confidence they placed in us and, most importantly, their patience waiting to receive the first draft. Thanks are also extended to Pedro H. Martins, for providing oonopid and araneid photos, and to Alexandre B. Bonaldo for reviewing the first draft of the text. The data discussed here is part of a long-term project from the authors, which has been continuously funded by CNPq (Procs. 407288/2013-9; 306222/2015-9 to AJS, and 301776/2004-0 to ADB), FAPEMIG (PPM-00651-15, AJS), FAPESP (2011/50689-0, ADB), and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Parasitóides da Região Sudeste Brasileira (http://www.hympar.ufscar.br/). AJS and ADB also received financial support from the Goblin Spider PBI (http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae). MOT was financially supported by an undergraduate research fellowship from PIBIC/CNPq, PRS from PRONOTURNO/FUMP/UFMG and a CAPES Master’s Dissertation Fellowship, and UO from a CAPES doctoral grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Adalberto J. Santos, Márcia de Oliveira-Tomasi, Philip Russo & Ubirajara Oliveira

  2. Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Antonio D. Brescovit

  3. Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Philip Russo

  4. Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Ubirajara Oliveira

Authors
  1. Adalberto J. Santos
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  2. Antonio D. Brescovit
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  3. Márcia de Oliveira-Tomasi
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  4. Philip Russo
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  5. Ubirajara Oliveira
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adalberto J. Santos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Entomología, Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Carmen Viera

  2. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Biology Institute, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Marcelo O. Gonzaga

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Santos, A.J., Brescovit, A.D., de Oliveira-Tomasi, M., Russo, P., Oliveira, U. (2017). Curves, Maps and Hotspots: The Diversity and Distribution of Araneomorph Spiders in the Neotropics. In: Viera, C., Gonzaga, M. (eds) Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65717-2_1

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