Abstract
The core of agricultural modernization is yield and income-increasing technology based on modern science. Associated with new technology is a shift from inputs produced on the farm to those that are purchased and dramatic increase in the quantity of those purchased inputs. That in turn requires new types of servicing businesses and institutions. There is scope for increased efficiency in the use of purchased inputs and there are environmental problems that must be addressed. However, they are essential in large quantities to modernization and all its benefits. Five types of purchased inputs are discussed in this chapter: fertilizer, irrigation, seed, pesticides, and machinery.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barker, R., & Levine, G. (2012). Water productivity in context: The experiences of Taiwan and the Philippines over the past half-century. Colombo: International Water Management Institute.
Desai, G. M. (1982). Sustaining rapid growth in india’s fertilizer consumption: A perspective based on composition of use (International food policy research institute (IFPRI) research report 031). Washington, DC.
Duflo, E., Kremer, M., & Robinson, J. (2011). Nudging farmers to use fertilizer: Theory and experimental evidence from Kenya. The American Economic Review, 101(6), 2350–2390.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2011). The state of food and agriculture: Women in agriculture, closing the gender gap for development. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Giller, K. E., Witter, E., Corbeels, M., & Tittonell, P. (2009). Conservation agriculture and small holder farming in Africa: The heretics’ view. Field Crops Research, 114(1), 23–34.
Jayne, T. S., Mather, D., Mason, N., & Ricker-Gilbert, J. (2013). How do fertilizer subsidy programs affect total fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa? Crowding out, diversion and benefit/cost assessments. Agricultural Economics, 44(6), 687–703.
Kumwenda, J. D. T., Waddington, S. R., Snapp, S. S., Jones, R. B., & Blackie, M. J. (1996). Soil fertility management research for the maize cropping systems of smallholders in southern Africa: A review (NRG paper 96–02). Mexico: CIMMYT.
Lee, T. H. (1971). Inter-sectoral capital flows in the economic development of Taiwan, 1895–1960. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Levine, G., Sheng, K. H., & Barker, R. (2000). The evolution of Taiwanese irrigation: Implications for the future. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 16(4), 497–510.
Marenya, P. P., & Barrett, C. B. (2009). State-conditional fertilizer yield response on western Kenyan farms. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 91(4), 991–1006.
Maumbe, B. M., & Swinton, S. M. (2003). Hidden health costs of pesticide use in Zimbabwe’s smallholder cotton growers. Social Science & Medicine, 57(9), 1559–1571.
Morris, M. L. (2007). Fertilizer use in African agriculture: Lessons learned and good practice guidelines. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
Pingali, P. L., Marquez, C. B., & Palis, F. G. (1994). Pesticides and Philippine rice farmer health: A medical and economic analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(3), 587–592.
Rashid, S., Tefera, N., Minot, N., & Ayele, G. (2013). Can modern input use be promoted without subsidies? An analysis of fertilizer in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 44(6), 595–611.
Rosegrant, M. W., & Binswanger, H. P. (1994). Markets in tradable water rights: Potential for efficiency gains in developing country water resource allocation. World Development, 22(11), 1613–1625.
Sharpley, A. N., Smith, S. J., & Naney, J. W. (1987). Environmental impact of agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus use. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 35(5), 812–817.
Vanlauwe, B., Wendt, J., Giller, K. E., Corbeels, M., Gerard, B., & Nolte, C. (2014). A fourth principle is required to define conservation agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: The appropriate use of fertilizer to enhance crop productivity. Field Crops Research, 155, 10–13.
World Bank Group. (2007). Poverty and the environment: Understanding linkages at the household level. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
You, L., Ringler, C., Wood-Sichra, U., Robertson, R., Wood, S., Zhu, T., et al. (2011). What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach. Food Policy, 36(6), 770–782.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mellor, J.W. (2017). Purchased Inputs. In: Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation. Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65259-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65259-7_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65258-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65259-7
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)