Abstract
This chapter argues that Northern Ireland’s geographical and political status in the UK has important consequences for questions of language learning, languages in the community and language policy. It examines the most important contextual factors for languages in Northern Ireland, and deals with two main areas: languages in the education system and languages in the community. In both sections, it discusses both policy and practice together. A final section draws together the main issues and the implications of Brexit for languages in Northern Ireland. It argues that what is now urgently needed is a radically different level of awareness, not only in wider society in Northern Ireland, but also in education and in local government, of the importance of languages for peace, community relations, security, trade, diplomacy, international relations and crucially, for intercultural understanding (at home and abroad).
This chapter contains elements of the research undertaken on language policy for (1) the AHRC’s Open World project ‘Multilingualism: Empowering Individuals, Transforming Societies’ http://www.meits.org/; (2) the research project (on language policy in the devolved administrations) attached to the AHRC Leadership Fellowship in Modern Languages, held by Janice Carruthers.
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Notes
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The census is available on http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf (accessed 2 February 2017). The percentages do not total 100% because other options were available.
- 2.
There are only two schools where a compulsory fee of over £200 per year is charged. In the ‘voluntary grammar’ sector, there is a small compulsory fee ranging from £12 to around £150 per year.
- 3.
Note that the census question asks about speakers’ ‘main language’, so it is possible that the responses do not give the full range of languages spoken: many speakers of languages other than English may be responding ‘English’ due to the nature of the question.
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- 5.
The 2017 review, led by Sharon Jones, was funded by the Northern Ireland Languages Council and is accessible at http://www.stran.ac.uk/media/media,748093,en.pdf. The quotation from the Chief Inspector can be found at: http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf, p. 23.
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We will refer to the languages of immigrant communities as ‘community’ or ‘heritage’ languages.
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An important report, funded by the Northern Ireland Languages Council and authored by Ian Collen, Eugene McKendry and Leanne Henderson, will be published imminently on The Transition from Primary Languages Programmes to Post-Primary Language Provision.
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A very small number of schools offer Italian; and an even smaller number offer Russian.
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These are collaborations between schools in the same area where pupils can take a subject which is not offered in their own school.
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All data are taken from the Annual Qualifications Insight for 2016, published by CCEA: http://ccea.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/news/2016/Oct/Annual%20Qualifications%20Insight%202016_(web).pdf.
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Welsh Language Act (1993); Welsh Language (Wales) Measure (2011); Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act (2005); Official Languages Act (Republic of Ireland) (2003).
- 19.
See http://www.ebm.org.uk/turas/ TURAS is an Irish language project designed to connect members of the Protestant community to their own history with the Irish language and it offers language classes, talks and other activities.
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- 23.
See https://www.liofa.eu.
- 24.
The minister eventually reversed his earlier decision and restored the Líofa grants.
- 25.
Protestant-unionist-loyalist.
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- 27.
At least two responses relating to the importance of languages were submitted to the recent Programme for Government consultation.
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Carruthers, J., Ó Mainnín, M.B. (2018). Languages in Northern Ireland: Policy and Practice. In: Kelly, M. (eds) Languages after Brexit. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65169-9_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65169-9_14
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