Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Auditory Sensitivity of Preterm Infants Toward Their Atypical Auditory Environment in the NICU and Their Attraction to Human Voices

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Early Vocal Contact and Preterm Infant Brain Development

Abstract

Introduction: Vulnerable preterm infants (PIs) hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are exposed to environmental stimuli that differ from the stimuli fetuses encounter in utero. Their auditory environment, in particular, is atypical. This new sensory “milieu” may interfere with their neurodevelopment. Aims: This review briefly summarizes the anatomical and functional development of the auditory system. We describe the abilities of preterm infants to perceive sounds emerging from background noise, based on studies appropriately designed to assess their auditory sensitivity to the NICU sound environment. Conclusions: Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies, as well as specific auditory tests, demonstrated the anatomical and functional development of the auditory system of PIs. These infants showed fine auditory capabilities before term-equivalent age. PIs in the NICU react physiologically and behaviorally to sounds exceeding 70 dBA and are able to detect and discriminate among sounds emerging from background noise at a minimum signal-to-noise ratio of 5–10 dBA. PI responses to sound depend on sound source and frequency, as well as on sound pressure levels. Loud, high-frequency, and artificial NICU sounds may alter their well-being and disrupt their sleep. Vocal sounds seem to elicit a different pattern of responses. PIs seem particularly sensitive to the biologically meaningful and attractive sounds of their mothers’ voices.

The ability of PIs’ perceptual experience of NICU sound ecology to shape their long-term neurodevelopment has not yet been determined, although associations between their early auditory experience and later ability to communicate have been observed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abou Turk, C., Williams, A. L., & Lasky, R. E. (2009). A randomized clinical trial evaluating silicone earplugs for very low birth weight newborns in intensive care. Journal of Perinatology, 29(5), 358–363. doi:10.1038/jp.2008.236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Als, H. (1982). Toward a synactive theory of development: promise for the assessment and support of infant individuality. Infant Mental Health Journal, 3(4), 229–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Als, H., Duffy, F. H., McAnulty, G. B., Rivkin, M. J., Vajapeyam, S., Mulkern, R. V., … Eichenwald, E. C. (2004). Early experience alters brain function and structure. Pediatrics, 113(4), 846–857.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, K. J., & Scalzo, F. M. (2000). Can adverse neonatal experiences alter brain development and subsequent behavior? Biology of the Neonate, 77(2), 69–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchemin, M., Gonzalez-Frankenberger, B., Tremblay, J., Vannasing, P., Martinez-Montes, E., Belin, P., … Lassonde, M. (2011). Mother and stranger: An electrophysiological study of voice processing in newborns. Cerebral Cortex, 21(8), 1705–1711. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carbajal, R., Rousset, A., Danan, C., Coquery, S., Nolent, P., Ducrocq, S., … Breart, G. (2008). Epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in neonates in intensive care units. JAMA, 300(1), 60–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caskey, M., Stephens, B., Tucker, R., & Vohr, B. (2011). Importance of parent talk on the development of preterm infant vocalizations. Pediatrics, 128(5), 910–916. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0609

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caskey, M., Stephens, B., Tucker, R., & Vohr, B. (2014). Adult talk in the NICU with preterm infants and developmental outcomes. Pediatrics, 133(3), e578–e584. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chabert, R., Guitton, M. J., Amram, D., Uziel, A., Pujol, R., Lallemant, J. G., & Puel, J. L. (2006). Early maturation of evoked otoacoustic emissions and medial olivocochlear reflex in preterm neonates. Pediatric Research, 59(2), 305–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Y. J., Pan, Y. J., Lin, Y. J., Chang, Y. Z., & Lin, C. H. (2006). A noise-sensor light alarm reduces noise in the newborn intensive care unit. American Journal of Perinatology, 23(5), 265–271. doi:10.1055/s-2006-941455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeCasper, A. J., & Fifer, W. P. (1980). Of human bonding: Newborns prefer their mothers’ voices. Science, 208(4448), 1174–1176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Degorre, C., Ghyselen, L., Barcat, L., Degrugilliers, L., Kongolo, G., Leke, A., & Tourneux, P. (2017). Noise level in the NICU: Impact of monitoring equipment. Archives de Pédiatrie, 24(2), 100–106. doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2016.10.023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doheny, L., Hurwitz, S., Insoft, R., Ringer, S., & Lahav, A. (2012). Exposure to biological maternal sounds improves cardiorespiratory regulation in extremely preterm infants. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 25(9), 1591–1594. doi:10.3109/14767058.2011.648237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elser, H. E., Holditch-Davis, D., Levy, J., & Brandon, D. H. (2012). The effects of environmental noise and infant position on cerebral oxygenation. Advances in Neonatal Care, 12(Suppl 5), S18–S27. doi:10.1097/ANC.0b013e31826853fe

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T. M., Dempsey, J., Hatch, J., Ting, G., & Clifton, R. (1979). Cardiac and behavioral responses to repeated tactile and auditory stimulation by preterm and term neonates. Developmental Psychology, 15, 406–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fifer, W. P., & Moon, C. M. (1994). The role of mother’s voice in the organization of brain function in the newborn. Acta Paediatrica. Supplement, 397, 86–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filippa, M., Devouche, E., Arioni, C., Imberty, M., & Gratier, M. (2013). Live maternal speech and singing have beneficial effects on hospitalized preterm infants. Acta Paediatrica, 102(10), 1017–1020. doi:10.1111/apa.12356

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gadeke, R., Doring, B., Keller, F., & Vogel, A. (1969). The noise level in a children’s hospital and the wake-up threshold in infants. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 58(2), 164–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, L., & Philbin, M. K. (2004). Effects of the neonatal intensive care unit on auditory attention and distraction. Clinics in Perinatology, 31(2), 243–260. vi. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. W., 3rd. (2000). Development of the ear and hearing. Journal of Perinatology, 20(8 Pt 2), S12–S20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hepper, P. G., & Shahidullah, B. S. (1994). Development of fetal hearing. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 71(2), F81–F87.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jardri, R., Houfflin-Debarge, V., Delion, P., Pruvo, J. P., Thomas, P., & Pins, D. (2012). Assessing fetal response to maternal speech using a noninvasive functional brain imaging technique. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 30(2), 159–161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, R. (2000). Fetal brain behavior and cognitive development. Developmental Review, 20, 81–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kattwinkel, J., Nearman, H. S., Fanaroff, A. A., Katona, P. G., & Klaus, M. H. (1975). Apnea of prematurity. Comparative therapeutic effects of cutaneous stimulation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. The Journal of Pediatrics, 86(4), 588–592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kisilevsky, B. S., & Hains, S. M. (2011). Onset and maturation of fetal heart rate response to the mother’s voice over late gestation. Developmental Science, 14(2), 214–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knudsen, E. I. (2004). Sensitive periods in the development of the brain and behavior. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(8), 1412–1425. doi:10.1162/0898929042304796

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, P., Astruc, D., Messer, J., & Marlier, L. (2011). Exploring the olfactory environment of premature newborns: A French survey of health care and cleaning products used in neonatal units. Acta Paediatrica, 100(3), 334–339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, P., Zores, C., Astruc, D., Dufour, A., & Casper, C. (2011). Sensory system development and the physical environment of infants born very preterm. Archives de Pédiatrie, 18 Suppl 2, S92–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, P., Zores, C., Langlet, C., Escande, B., Astruc, D., & Dufour, A. (2013). Moderate acoustic changes can disrupt the sleep of very preterm infants in their incubators. Acta Paediatrica, 102(10), 949–954. doi:10.1111/apa.12330

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, P., Zores, C., Pebayle, T., Hoeft, A., Langlet, C., Escande, B., … Dufour, A. (2012). Infants born very preterm react to variations of the acoustic environment in their incubator from a minimum signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 5 to 10 dBA. Pediatric Research, 71(4 Pt 1), 386–392. doi:10.1038/pr.2011.76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagercrantz, H. (2010). The newborn brain: Neuroscience and clinical applications. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lagercrantz, H., & Changeux, J. P. (2009). The emergence of human consciousness: From fetal to neonatal life. Pediatric Research, 65(3), 255–260.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagercrantz, H., Edwards, D., Henderson-Smart, D., Hertzberg, T., & Jeffery, H. (1990). Autonomic reflexes in preterm infants. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 79(8–9), 721–728.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, A. (2015). Questionable sound exposure outside of the womb: Frequency analysis of environmental noise in the neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatrica, 104(1), e14–e19. doi:10.1111/apa.12816

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, A., & Skoe, E. (2014). An acoustic gap between the NICU and womb: A potential risk for compromised neuroplasticity of the auditory system in preterm infants. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 381. doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00381

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, T. T., & Bearer, C. F. (2008). Iatrogenic environmental hazards in the neonatal intensive care unit. Clinics in Perinatology, 35(1), 163–181., ix.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Larroque, B., Ancel, P. Y., Marret, S., Marchand, L., Andre, M., Arnaud, C., … EPIPAGE Study group, EPIPAGE Study group. (2008). Neurodevelopmental disabilities and special care of 5-year-old children born before 33 weeks of gestation (the EPIPAGE study): A longitudinal cohort study. Lancet, 371(9615), 813–820. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60380-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lary, S., Briassoulis, G., de Vries, L., Dubowitz, L. M., & Dubowitz, V. (1985). Hearing threshold in preterm and term infants by auditory brainstem response. The Journal of Pediatrics, 107(4), 593–599.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lecanuet, J. P., Granier-Deferre, C., Jacquet, A. Y., & Busnel, M. C. (1992). Decelerative cardiac responsiveness to acoustical stimulation in the near term fetus. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B, 44(3–4), 279–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lecanuet, J. P., Graniere-Deferre, C., Jacquet, A. Y., & DeCasper, A. J. (2000). Fetal discrimination of low-pitched musical notes. Developmental Psychobiology, 36(1), 29–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, B. M., Salisbury, A. L., Hawes, K., Dansereau, L. M., Bigsby, R., Laptook, A., … Padbury, J. F. (2016). 18-month follow-up of infants cared for in a single-family room neonatal intensive care unit. The Journal of Pediatrics, 177, 84–89. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.069

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. G., Lucey, J. F., & Philip, A. G. (1980). Noise and hypoxemia in the intensive care nursery. Pediatrics, 65(1), 143–145.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoudzadeh, M., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Fournier, M., Kongolo, G., Goudjil, S., Dubois, J., … Wallois, F. (2013). Syllabic discrimination in premature human infants prior to complete formation of cortical layers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(12), 4846–4851. doi:10.1073/pnas.1212220110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Marik, P. E., Fuller, C., Levitov, A., & Moll, E. (2012). Neonatal incubators: A toxic sound environment for the preterm infant? Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 13(6), 685–689. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e31824ea2b7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marlier, L., Schaal, B., Gaugler, C., & Messer, J. (2001). Olfaction in premature human newborns: Detection and discrimination abilities two months before gestational term. In A. Marchlewska-Koj, J. Lepri, & D. Müller-Schwarze (Eds.), Chemical signals in vertebrates (vol. Vol. 9, pp. 205–209). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlow, N., Wolke, D., Bracewell, M. A., Samara, M., & Group, E. P. S. (2005). Neurologic and developmental disability at six years of age after extremely preterm birth. The New England Journal of Medicine, 352(1), 9–19. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041367

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, T., Hennessy, E. M., Myles, J., Johnson, S. J., Draper, E. S., Costeloe, K. L., & Marlow, N. (2012). Neurological and developmental outcome in extremely preterm children born in England in 1995 and 2006: The EPICure studies. BMJ, 345, e7961. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7961

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morlet, T., Collet, L., Duclaux, R., Lapillonne, A., Salle, B., Putet, G., & Morgon, A. (1995). Spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions in pre-term and full-term neonates: Is there a clinical application? International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 33(3), 207–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philbin, M. K., & Klaas, P. (2000a). Evaluating studies of the behavioral effects of sound on newborns. Journal of Perinatology, 20(8 Pt 2), S61–S67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philbin, M. K., & Klaas, P. (2000b). Hearing and behavioral responses to sound in full-term newborns. Journal of Perinatology, 20(8 Pt 2), S68–S76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philbin, M. K., Lickliter, R., & Graven, S. N. (2000). Sensory experience and the developing organism: A history of ideas and view to the future. Journal of Perinatology, 20(8 Pt 2), S2–S5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philbin, M. K., Robertson, A., & Hall, J. W., 3rd. (2008). Recommended permissible noise criteria for occupied, newly constructed or renovated hospital nurseries. Advances in Neonatal Care, 8(5 Suppl), S11–S15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponton, C. W., Moore, J. K., & Eggermont, J. J. (1996). Auditory brain stem response generation by parallel pathways: Differential maturation of axonal conduction time and synaptic transmission. Ear and Hearing, 17(5), 402–410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prechtl, H. F. (1974). The behavioural states of the newborn infant (a review). Brain Research, 76(2), 185–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pujol, R., Blatrix, S., Le Merre, S., Pujol, T., & Chaix, B. (2009). Voyage au centre de l’Audition. Retrieved from http://www.cochlea.org/

  • Rand, K., & Lahav, A. (2014). Maternal sounds elicit lower heart rate in preterm newborns in the first month of life. Early Human Development, 90(10), 679–683. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.07.016

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rotteveel, J. J., Colon, E. J., Stegeman, D. F., & Visco, Y. M. (1987a). The maturation of the central auditory conduction in preterm infants until three months post term. I. Composite group averages of brainstem (ABR) and middle latency (MLR) auditory evoked responses. Hearing Research, 26(1), 11–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotteveel, J. J., Colon, E. J., Stegeman, D. F., & Visco, Y. M. (1987b). The maturation of the central auditory conduction in preterm infants until three months post term. IV. Composite group averages of the cortical auditory evoked responses (ACRs). Hearing Research, 27(1), 85–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotteveel, J. J., de Graaf, R., Colon, E. J., Stegeman, D. F., & Visco, Y. M. (1987). The maturation of the central auditory conduction in preterm infants until three months post term. II. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Hearing Research, 26(1), 21–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotteveel, J. J., de Graaf, R., Stegeman, D. F., Colon, E. J., & Visco, Y. M. (1987). The maturation of the central auditory conduction in preterm infants until three months post term. V. The auditory cortical response (ACR). Hearing Research, 27(1), 95–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotteveel, J. J., Stegeman, D. F., de Graaf, R., Colon, E. J., & Visco, Y. M. (1987). The maturation of the central auditory conduction in preterm infants until three months post term. III. The middle latency auditory evoked response (MLR). Hearing Research, 27(3), 245–256.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, Y., Fukuhara, R., Aoyama, S., & Toshima, T. (2009). Frontal brain activation in premature infants’ response to auditory stimuli in neonatal intensive care unit. Early Human Development, 85(7), 471–474.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salavitabar, A., Haidet, K. K., Adkins, C. S., Susman, E. J., Palmer, C., & Storm, H. (2010). Preterm infants’ sympathetic arousal and associated behavioral responses to sound stimuli in the neonatal intensive care unit. Advances in Neonatal Care, 10(3), 158–166. doi:10.1097/ANC.0b013e3181dd6dea

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B. A., Trehub, S. E., Morrongiello, B. A., & Thorpe, L. A. (1989). Developmental changes in masked thresholds. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86(5), 1733–1742.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sininger, Y. S., Abdala, C., & Cone-Wesson, B. (1997). Auditory threshold sensitivity of the human neonate as measured by the auditory brainstem response. Hearing Research, 104(1–2), 27–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, R., Fitzgerald, M., & Meek, J. (2007). Can cortical responses following noxious stimulation inform us about pain processing in neonates? Seminars in Perinatology, 31(5), 298–302. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.07.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slevin, M., Farrington, N., Duffy, G., Daly, L., & Murphy, J. F. (2000). Altering the NICU and measuring infants’ responses. Acta Paediatrica, 89(5), 577–581.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov, E. N. (1963). Higher nervous functions; the orienting reflex. Annual Review of Physiology, 25, 545–580. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.25.030163.002553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov, E. N. (1990). The orienting response, and future directions of its development. The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 25(3), 142–150.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Therien, J. M., Worwa, C. T., Mattia, F. R., & deRegnier, R. A. (2004). Altered pathways for auditory discrimination and recognition memory in preterm infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 46(12), 816–824.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trapanotto, M., Benini, F., Farina, M., Gobber, D., Magnavita, V., & Zacchello, F. (2004). Behavioural and physiological reactivity to noise in the newborn. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 40(5–6), 275–281. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00363.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Noort-van der Spek, I. L., Franken, M. C., & Weisglas-Kuperus, N. (2012). Language functions in preterm-born children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 129(4), 745–754. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vila, J., Guerra, P., Munoz, M. A., Vico, C., Viedma-del Jesus, M. I., Delgado, L. C., … Rodriguez, S. (2007). Cardiac defense: From attention to action. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66(3), 169–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vranekovic, G., Hock, E., Isaac, P., & Cordero, L. (1974). Heart rate variability and cardiac response to an auditory stimulus. Biology of the Neonate, 24(1), 66–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wachman, E. M., & Lahav, A. (2011). The effects of noise on preterm infants in the NICU. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 96(4), F305–F309. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.182014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, A. R., Heller, H. T., Benson, C. B., & Lahav, A. (2015). Mother's voice and heartbeat sounds elicit auditory plasticity in the human brain before full gestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(10), 3152–3157. doi:10.1073/pnas.1414924112

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, L. A. (2004). Early development of the human auditory system. In R. A. Polin, W. W. Fox, & S. H. Abman (Eds.), Fetal and neonatal physiology (3rd ed., pp. 1803–1819). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wharrad, H. J., & Davis, A. C. (1997). Behavioural and autonomic responses to sound in pre-term and full-term babies. British Journal of Audiology, 31(5), 315–329.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. D., Smith, J. A., Shepley, M. M., & Committee to Establish Recommended Standards for Newborn, I. C. U. D. (2013). Recommended standards for newborn ICU design, eighth edition. Journal of Perinatology, 33(Suppl 1), S2–16. doi:10.1038/jp.2013.10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A. L., Sanderson, M., Lai, D., Selwyn, B. J., & Lasky, R. E. (2009). Intensive care noise and mean arterial blood pressure in extremely low-birth-weight neonates. American Journal of Perinatology, 26(5), 323–329. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1104741

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zahr, L. K., & Balian, S. (1995). Responses of premature infants to routine nursing interventions and noise in the NICU. Nursing Research, 44(3), 179–185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zahr, L. K., & de Traversay, J. (1995). Premature infant responses to noise reduction by earmuffs: Effects on behavioral and physiologic measures. Journal of Perinatology, 15(6), 448–455.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaramella, P., Freato, F., Amigoni, A., Salvadori, S., Marangoni, P., Suppjei, A., … Chiandetti, L. (2001). Brain auditory activation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in neonates. Pediatric Research, 49(2), 213–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau-né Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU, Strasbourg, France

    Pierre Kuhn & Claire Zores

  2. Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Pierre Kuhn, André Dufour & Claire Zores

Authors
  1. Pierre Kuhn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. André Dufour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Claire Zores
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pierre Kuhn .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Independent Researcher, Aosta, Italy

    Manuela Filippa

  2. Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau-né Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU, Strasbourg, France

    Pierre Kuhn

  3. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Björn Westrup

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kuhn, P., Dufour, A., Zores, C. (2017). The Auditory Sensitivity of Preterm Infants Toward Their Atypical Auditory Environment in the NICU and Their Attraction to Human Voices. In: Filippa, M., Kuhn, P., Westrup, B. (eds) Early Vocal Contact and Preterm Infant Brain Development . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65077-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation