Abstract
In this chapter we continue the analysis begun in Chap. 4 involving a description of the symbolic universe implied by the EU’s Europe 2020 strategy. However, we extend the analysis of the European Union (EU) from its growth, innovation and trade policy to cover its security strategy, to obtain a better picture of how the union sees its position in the world. We then construct the symbolic universes of the USA and China on the basis of similar material, and compare the symbolic universes of the three powers to each other.
Notes
- 1.
Also note, as stated in a note to Table 2.1, that GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China because its exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces. The purchasing power parity (PPP)-corrected GDP figures therefore give a more realistic picture, and show that in many senses China is already an economic giant, bigger than either the USA or the EU.
- 2.
There are two other reasons for excluding Russia from our analysis. First, the analysis is based on the premise that the governing bodies of the political whole in question take their policy documents seriously. This has been the case so far in all three countries included in the comparison (even if this could be changing temporarily in Trump’s USA) . This does not seem to be so in Russia, where policy documents come and go without much coherence in their succession and without any apparent force to bind the actual political choices of the Russian state. Second, neither of the authors has a command of the Russian language, and good English translations of Russian policy documents are not always available.
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Heiskala, R., Aro, J. (2018). Imperial Worldmaking: Innovation and Security in the EU Compared to the USA and China. In: Heiskala, R., Aro, J. (eds) Policy Design in the European Union. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64849-1_12
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