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Handbook of Social Behavior and Skills in Children pp 363–381Cite as

Depression and (Hypo)mania

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Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

Abstract

Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are among the most prevalent mental health problems. They often start early and cause impairment and disability, even if the symptoms of depression and (hypo)mania might not reach the diagnostic threshold for a formal diagnosis. With regard to etiology, several theories have been developed, and some emphasize the role of interpersonal problems, such as skill deficits, loss of social reinforcements, or role transitions in the origins of mood disorders, especially depression irrespective if it occurs in the context of a major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Childhood and adolescence are the developmental periods where most of the social learning takes place. Thus, it seems justified to review the literature about social skills and competency focusing on minors with a mood disorder or mood symptoms. The current review narratively summarizes what is known about the link between social competency/social skills and mood disorders; for example, (a) to what degree are a lack of social support and social behaviors and skills causes, symptoms, or consequences of mood disorders; and (b) how might developmental changes and gender differences interact with social support and social behaviors and skills with regard to the development of a mood disorder. Research trends will be highlighted, and we also list gaps in our knowledge. The review also provides an overview about existing instruments to measure social support, social behaviors, and skills. Finally, implications for the assessment, research, and treatment of depression and (hypo)mania are discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It should to be pointed out that many, if not all, social trainings help the clients to select the “right” goals (e.g., Pössel et al., 2004). For example, having the goal of “getting” what one wants (e.g., someone else’s love, being allowed to stay up the whole night on a school day) is unrealistic and inappropriate. Worse, such a goal might even contribute to the depression if it is not reached. A more realistic and appropriate goal is the expression of one’s own desires, feelings, and interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Patrick Pössel

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Thomas D. Meyer

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  1. Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

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Pössel, P., Meyer, T.D. (2017). Depression and (Hypo)mania. In: Matson, J. (eds) Handbook of Social Behavior and Skills in Children . Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64592-6_18

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