Skip to main content

Climate

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: World Soils Book Series ((WSBS))

Abstract

Climate plays a crucial role in the development of soils on the surface of the earth. In fact, there is a broad agreement between the distributions of soil and climate types at a global scale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Altınsoy H, Öztürk T, Türkeş M, Kurnaz ML (2011) Projections of future air temperature and precipitation changes in the Mediterranean Basin by using the global climate model. In: Proceedings of the National Geographical Congress with international participation (CD-R), İstanbul University, Türk Coğrafya Kurumu, 7–10 Sept 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt D, Sen OL (2011) Precipitation in the Anatolian Peninsula: sensitivity to increased SSTs in the surrounding seas. Clim Dyn 36(3–4):711–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt D, Turunçoglu UU, Şen OL, Önol B, Dalfes HN (2012) Downscaled simulations of the ECHAM5, CCSM3 and HadCM3 global models for the eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea region: evaluation of the reference period. Clim Dyn 39(1–2):207–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai A (2011a) Drought under global warming: a review. WIREs Clim Change 2:45–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai A (2011b) Characteristics and trends in various forms of the palmer drought severity index during 1900–2008. J Geophys Res 116(D12115)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dai A, Trenberth KE, Qian T (2004) A global dataset of palmer drought severity index for 1870–2002: relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming. J Hydrometeorology 5:1117–1130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson R, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy P (1993) Biosphere- atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) version 1e as coupled to the NCAR community climate model. Technical report, National Center for Atmospheric Research

    Google Scholar 

  • Durdu OF (2012) Evaluation of climate change effects on future corn (Zea mays L.) yield in western Turkey. Int J Climatol 33(2):444–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Erlat E, Türkeş M (2012) Analysis of observed variability and trends in numbers of frost days in Turkey for the period 1950–2010. Int J Climatol 32(12):1889–1898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Essenwanger OM (2001) Classification of climates. World survey of climatology volume 1C (General climatology), Epilogue by Landsberg HE. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi F, Mearns LO (1999) Introduction to special section: regional climate modeling revisited. J Geophys Res 104:6335–6352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heim RRJr (2002) A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 83:1149–1165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (2001) In: McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, Dokken DJ, White KS (eds) Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, USA, 1032 p

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (2007) In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 996 p

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (2013) In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1535 p. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324

  • Kalnay E, Coauthors (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 77:437–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaca M, Deniz A, Tayanç M (2000) Cyclone track variability over Turkey in association with regional climate. Int J Climatol 20:1225–1236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kömüşçü AU, Erkan A, Öz S (2010) Possible impacts of climate change on soil moisture availability in the southeast Anatolia Development Project Region (GAP): an analysis from an agricultural drought perspective. Clim Change 40(3–4):519–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Köppen W (1936) Das geographisca System der Klimate. In: Köppen W, Geiger G (eds) Handbuch der Klimatologie, 1. C. Gebr, Borntraeger, pp 1–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutiel H, Türkeş M (2005) New evidence about the role of the North Sea-Caspian Pattern (NCP) on the temperature and precipitation regimes in continental central Turkey. Geogr Ann Ser A Phys Geogr 87:501–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meehl GA, Covey C, Taylor KE, Delworth T, Stouffer RJ, Latif M, McAvaney B, Mitchell JF (2007) The WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset: a new era in climate change research. Bull Am Meteor Soc 88:1383–1394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meinshausen M, Smith S, Calvin K, Daniel J, Kainuma M, Lamarque J-F, Matsumoto K, Montzka S, Raper S, Riahi K, Thomson A, Velders G, Vuuren DP (2011) The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Clim Change 109(1):213–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell TD, Jones PD (2005) An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int J Climatol 25:693–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakicenovic N, Swart R (2000) IPCC special report on emissions scenarios. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Önol B (2012) Understanding the coastal effects on climate by using high resolution regional climate simulation. Clim Res 52:159–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Önol B, Semazzi FHM (2009) Regionalization of climate change simulations over the Eastern Mediterranean. J Clim 22:1944–1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Önol B, Bozkurt D, Turunçoğlu UU, Sen OL, Dalfes HN (2014) Evaluation of the twenty-first century RCM simulations driven by multiple GCMs over the Eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea region. Clim Dyn 42(7):1949–1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özdoğan M (2011) Modeling the impacts of climate change on wheat yields in Northwestern Turkey, Agriculture. Ecosyst Environ 141:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Öztürk T, Altınsoy H, Türkeş M, Kurnaz ML (2012) Simulation of temperature and precipitation climatology for central Asia CORDEX domain by using RegCM 4.0. Clim Res 52:63–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Öztürk T, Ceber ZP, Türkeş M, Kurnaz ML (2015) Projections of climate change in the Mediterranean Basin by using downscaled global climate model outputs. Int J Climatol 35:4276–4292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal JS, Giorgi F, Bi X, Elguindi N, Solmon F, Gao X, Rauscher SA, Francisco R, Zakey A, Winter J, Ashfaq M, Syed FS, Bell JL, Diffenbaugh NS, Karmacharya J, Konare A, Martinez D, da Rocha RP, Sloan LC, Steiner AL (2007) Regional climate modeling for the developing world: the ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 88(9):1395–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer WC (1965) Meteorological drought. Research paper 45, U.S. Department of Commerce, 58 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Peel MC, Finlayson BL, McMahon TA (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 11:1633–1644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell RJ (1931) Dry climates of the United States: I climatic map. Univ Calif Publ Geography 5:1–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Şen B, Topçu S, Türkeş M, Şen B, Warner JF (2012) Projecting climate change, drought conditions and crop productivity in Turkey. Clim Res 52:175–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa PM, Trigo RM, Aizpurua P, Nieto R, Gimeno L, Garcia-Herrera R (2011) Trends and extremes of drought indices throughout the 20th century in the Mediterranean. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11:33–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tatlı H (2007) Synchronization between the North Sea-Caspian pattern (NCP) and surface air temperatures in NCEP. Int J Climatol 27:1171–1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tatlı H, Türkeş M (2011) Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the Palmer drought indices. Agric Meteorol 151(7):981–991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tatlı H, Türkeş M (2014) Climatological evaluation of Haines forest fire weather index over the Mediterranean basin. Meteorol Appl 21(3):545–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteor Soc 93(4):485–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr Rev 38:55–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topçu S, Şen B, Türkeş M, Şen B (2010) Observed and projected changes in drought conditions of Turkey. In: Options Méditerranéennes, series A, mediterranean seminars 2010, No. 95—Economies of drought and drought preparedness in a climate change context, CIHEAM, Paris, pp 123–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Tunalıoğlu R, Durdu OF (2012) Assessment of future olive crop yield by a comparative evaluation of drought indices: a case study in western Turkey. Theor Appl Climatol 108:397–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M (1996) Spatial and temporal analysis of annual rainfall variations in Turkey. Int J Climatol 16:1057–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M (1998) Influence of geopotential heights, cyclone frequency and Southern Oscillation on rainfall variations in Turkey. Int J Climatol 18:649–680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M (1999) Vulnerability of Turkey to desertification with respect to precipitation and aridity conditions. Turk J Eng Environ Sci 23:363–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M (2010) Climatology and meteorology, First edn. Kriter Publisher, Publication No. 63, Physical geography series no. 1, ISBN: 978-605-5863-39-6, İstanbul, 650 p (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Akgündüz AS (2011) Assessment of the desertification vulnerability of the Cappadocian district (Central Anatolia, Turkey) based on aridity and climate-process system. Int J Hum Sci 8:1234–1268

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Erlat E (2003) Precipitation changes and variability in Turkey linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation during the period 1930–2000. Int J Climatol 23:1771–1796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Erlat E (2005) Climatological responses of winter precipitation in Turkey to variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the period 1930–2001. Theoret Appl Climatol 81:45–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Erlat E (2008) Influence of the Arctic Oscillation on variability of winter mean temperatures in Turkey. Theoret Appl Climatol 92:75–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Erlat E (2009) Winter mean temperature variability in Turkey associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Meteorol Atmos Phys 105:211–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Sümer UM, Demir I (2002a) Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929–1999. Int J Climatol 22:947–977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Sümer UM, Demir İ (2002b) Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929-1999. Int J Climatol 22:947–977

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Koç T, Sarış F (2009) Spatiotemporal variability of precipitation total series over Turkey. Int J Climatol 29:1056–1074

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkeş M, Kurnaz ML, Öztürk T, Altınsoy H (2011) Climate changes versus security and peace’ in the Mediterranean macroclimate region: are they correlated? In: Proceedings of international human security conference on human security: new challenges, new perspectives, İstanbul, pp 625–639, 27–28 Oct 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Turunçoğlu UU (2015) Identifying the sensitivity of precipitation of Anatolian peninsula to Mediterranean and Black Sea surface temperature. Clim Dyn 44(7):1993–2015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNCCD (1995) The united nations convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa. Text with Annexes, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (1993) World atlas of desertification. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), London

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Schrier G, Jones PD, Briffa KR (2011) The sensitivity of the PDSI to the Thornthwaite and Penman-Monteith parameterizations for potential evapotranspiration. J Geophys Res, 116:D03106. doi:10.1029/2010JD015001

  • Webb RS, Rosenzweig CE, Levine ER (1993) Specifying land surface characteristics in general circulation models: soil profile data set and derived water-holding capacities. Global Biogeochem Cycles 7:97–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells N, Goddard S, Hayes MJ (2004) A self-calibrating palmer drought severity index. J Clim 17:2335–2351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcock AA (1968) Köppen after fifty years. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 58:12–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has partly been accomplished by funds from the United Nations Development Program through ‘MDG-F 1680’ project entitled “Enhancing the Capacity of Turkey to Adapt to Climate Change”. We are grateful to the National High Performance Computing Center at İstanbul Technical University for providing the computational resources for performing the regional climate simulations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ufuk Utku Turunçoğlu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Turunçoğlu, U.U., Türkeş, M., Bozkurt, D., Önol, B., Şen, Ö.L., Dalfes, H.N. (2018). Climate. In: Kapur, S., Akça, E., Günal, H. (eds) The Soils of Turkey. World Soils Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64392-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics