Skip to main content

Tourism Development in Riga: Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Tourism in Transitions

Part of the book series: Geographies of Tourism and Global Change ((GTGC))

Abstract

This study analyses tourism development in Riga, the capital of Latvia . Riga is a tourist destination that was relatively unknown during the Soviet regime and is now becoming a popular international destination. The study reveals key tourism development trends as well as those features of the city that have highlighted the impact of the global economic crisis and the recovery since the country regained its independence. The goal of this research was to analyse the attitudes of local residents towards tourism including their perception of the impact of tourism in terms of how it has developed. In addition to drawing conclusions from collected data, this study has compared current results to those of a previous study that was carried out in Riga in 1998. The current research, carried out in 2012, surveyed 696 inhabitants of Riga. The survey included 36 positive and negative impact statements in regards to how residents perceive the impact of tourism on the economy, society, culture, and the urban environment . The study indicated that several internal and external macro factors have impacted tourism development in Riga in a relatively short period of time. These factors have led to significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the tourism sector. This paper discusses how the attitudes of residents have changed depending on factors such as economic dependence on tourism, place of residence, length of residence in Riga and the respondents’ age.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allen, L. R., Long, P. T., Perdue, R. R., & Kieselbach, S. (1988). The impact of tourism development on residents’ perceptions of community life. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1), 16–21. doi:10.1177/004728758802700104.

  • Almeida-García, F., Vázquez, A. B., & Macías, R. C. (2015). Residents’ attitudes toward the impacts of tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 13, 33–40. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2014.11.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida-García, F., Peláez-Fernández, M., Balbuena-Vázquez, A., & Cortés-Macias, R. (2016). Residents’ perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tourism Management, 54, 259–274. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andriotis, K. (2005). Community groups’ perceptions of and preferences for tourism development: Evidence from Crete. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 29, 67–90. doi:10.1177/1096348004268196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andriotis, K., & Vaughan, R. D. (2003). Urban residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: The case of Crete. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 172–185. doi:10.1177/0047287503257488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ap, J., & Crompton, J. L. (1998). Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 120–130. doi:10.1177/004728759803700203.

  • Ashworth, G., & Page, S. J. (2011). Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current paradoxes. Tourism Management, 32, 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bramwell, B. (1998). User satisfaction and product development in urban tourism. Tourism Management, 19(1), 35–47. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00091-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia (CSB). (2016). Statistics Database. Retrieved from CSB website, http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/dati/statistics-database-30501.html.

  • Cooke, K. (1982). Guidelines for socially appropriate tourism development in British Columbia. Journal of Travel Research, 21(1), 22–28. doi:10.1177/004728758202100106.

  • Dyer, P., Gursoy, D., Sharma, B., & Carter, J. (2007). Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28, 409–422. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A., Griffin, T., & Hayllar, B. (2008). Urban tourism research: Developing an agenda. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(4), 1032–1052. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2008.09.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gertners, E. (2009). Rīgas Tūrisma policisti prot angļu, vācu, franču, itāļu un japāņu valodas. Neatkarīgā rīta avīze. (in Latvian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., & Dyer, P. (2010). Locals’ attitudes toward mass and alternative tourism: The case of Sunshine Coast, Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 381–394. doi:10.1177/0047287509346853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M. (2010). Crisis events in tourism: Subjects of crisis in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 401–417. doi:10.1080/13683500.2010.491900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrill, R. (2004). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: A literature review with implications for tourism planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 18, 251–266. doi:10.1177/0885412203260306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrill, R., & Potts, D. (2003). Tourism planning in historic districts: Attitudes toward tourism development in Charleston. Journal of the American Planning Association, 69(3), 233–244. doi:10.1080/01944360308978017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, K. M. (1997). Creating value to visitors to urban destinations. In P. E. Murphy (Ed.), Quality management in urban tourism (pp. 169–182). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huh, C., & Vogt, C. A. (2008). Changes in residents’ attitudes toward tourism over time: A cohort analytical approach. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 446–455. doi:10.1177/0047287507308327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kagermeier, A. (2012). How to make a successful cultural event: Case of the Constantin Exibition. In A. Kagermeier & J. Saarinen (Eds.), Transforming and managing destinations: Tourism and leisure in a time of global change and risks (pp. 73–92). Mannheim: MetaGIS-Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotus, J., Rzeszewski, M., & Ewertowski, W. (2015). Tourists in the spatial structures of a big Polish city: Development of an uncontrolled patchwork or concentric spheres? Tourism Management, 50, 98–110. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loukissas, P. J. (1983). Public participation in community tourism planning: A gaming simulation approach. Journal of Travel Research, 22(1), 18–23. doi:10.1177/004728758302200105.

  • Lundberg, E. (2015). The level of tourism development and resident attitudes: A comparative case study of coastal destinations. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15(3), 266–294. doi:10.1080/15022250.2015.1005335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R. (2010). Tourism and changing representation in Europe’s historical capitals. Rivista di Scienze del Turismo, 2010(2), 103–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R., & Newman, P. (Eds.). (2008). World tourism cities: Developing tourism off the beaten track. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R., & Ritchie, B. W. (2007). Editorial, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing: Marketing national capital cities. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(3/4), 1–5. doi:10.1300/J073v22n03_01.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R., & Ritchie, B. W. (2009). City tourism: National Capital Perspectives. Wallingford: Cabi.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Moloth, H. (1976). The city as a growth machine: Toward a political economy of place. American Journal of Sociology, 82(2), 309–332. doi:10.1086/226311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OCMA. (2012). The Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (OCMA). Retrieved from http://www.pmlp.gov.lv/en/home/statistics.

  • Oviedo-Garcia, M. A., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., & Martin-Ruiz, D. (2008). Gaining residents’ support for tourism and planning. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10, 95–109. doi:10.1002/jtr.644/full.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papatheodorou, A., Roselló, J., & Xiao, H. (2010). Global economic crisis and tourism: Consequences and perspectives. Journal of Travel Research, 49(1), 31–38. doi:10.1177/0047287509355327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paskaleva-Shapira, K. A. (2007). New paradigms in city tourism management: Redefining destination promotion. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 108–114. doi:10.1177/0047287507302394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A., Uriely, N., & Reichel, A. (2000). The intensity of tourist-host social relationship and its effects on satisfaction and change of attitudes: The case of working tourists in Israel. Tourism Management, 21, 395–406. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00085-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, G. F. (1992). Resident perceptions of the impact of tourism on an Australian city. Journal of Travel Research, 30, 13–17. doi:10.1177/004728759203000302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozite, M., & Klepers, A. (2012). Out of the Soviet Union: The re-emergence of Rīga as a tourist capital. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(1–2), 61–73. doi:10.1080/13683500.2011.634895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozīte, M., van der Steina, A., & Potsma, A. (2016). Rīgas pilsētvide tūrisma attīstības kontekstā: vietējo iedzīvotāju attieksme. Ģeogrāfiski Raksti Folia Geographica, 15, 173–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • RTDB. (2014). Unpublished data of foreign tourist survey—2014. Riga Tourism Development Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santana-Gallego, M., Ledesma-Rodríguez, F., & Pérez-Rodríguez, J. (2016). The euro effect: Tourism creation, tourism diversion and tourism potential within the European Union. European Union Politics, 17(1), 46–68. doi:10.1177/1465116515600533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smeral, E. (2009). The impact of the financial and economic crisis on European tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 3–13. doi:10.1177/0047287509336332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smeral, E. (2010). Impacts of the world recession and economic crisis on tourism: Forecasts and potential risks. Journal of Travel Research, 49(1), 31–38. doi:10.1177/0047287509353192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snaith, T., Haley, A. (1999). Residents’ opinions of tourism development in the historic city of York, England. Tourism Management, 20(5), 565–664. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00030-8.

  • Stylidis, D., & Terzidou, M. (2014). Tourism and the economic crisis in Kavala, Greece. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 210–226. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2013.10.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thurnell-Read, T. (2011). ‘Common-sense’ research: Senses, emotions and embodiment in researching stag tourism in Eastern Europe. Methodological Innovations Online, 6(3), 39–49. doi:10.4256/mio.2011.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Upchurch, R. S., & Teivane, U. (2000). Resident perceptions of tourism development in Riga, Latvia. Tourism Management, 21, 499–507. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00104-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uriely, N., Israeli, A., & Reichel, A. (2003). Religious identity and residents’ attitudes toward heritage tourism development: The case of Nazareth. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(1), 69–84. doi:10.1177/1096348002238881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas-Sánchez, A., Plaza-Mejía, M., & Porras-Bueno, N. (2009). Understanding resident’s attitudes toward the development of industrial tourism in a former mining community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(3), 373–387. doi:10.1177/0047287508322783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas-Sánchzes, A., Porras-Bueno, N., & Plaza-Mejía, M. (2011). Explaining residents’ attitudes to tourism: Is a universal model possible? Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 460–480. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.10.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas-Sánchzes, A., Valle, P. O., Mendes, J. C., & Silva, J. A. (2015). Residents’ attitude and level of destination development: An international comparison. Tourism Management, 48, 199–210. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.11.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S., Bickle, S., & Harrill, R. (2010). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development in Shandong, China. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(4), 327–339. doi:10.1108/17506181011081505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C., & Berno, T. (2011). Beyond social exchange theory: Attitudes toward tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1556–1569. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). (2016). Travel & Tourism: Economic impact: Latvia. Retrieved from https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/countries-2016/latvia.

  • Yu, C., Chancellor, H. C., & Cole, S. T. (2011). Measuring residents` attitudes toward sustainable tourism: A reexamination of the sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57–63. doi:10.1177/0047287509353189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aija van der Steina .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

van der Steina, A., Rozite, M. (2018). Tourism Development in Riga: Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism. In: Müller, D., Więckowski, M. (eds) Tourism in Transitions. Geographies of Tourism and Global Change. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64325-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64325-0_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64324-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64325-0

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics