Abstract
The prevalence of femoral periprosthetic fractures is steadily increasing following the continuous rise of patients undergoing primary and revision THA [1, 2]. Periprosthetic fractures were the third most common reason for revision THA following aseptic loosening and dislocation in Sweden [3, 4]. In the vast majority of patients, these fractures present with minimal or even no history of trauma [1, 5, 6]. More than 85% of them result from low-energy trauma and only 15% from high-energy trauma [7, 8]. Mortality following periprosthetic fractures is high similar to hip fractures in some studies [2, 3]; more aggressive treatment of these with revision THA has been proposed to reduce mortality due to faster mobilization [8, 9].
References
Marsland D, Mears SC. A review of periprosthetic femoral fractures associated with total hip arthroplasty. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2012;3:107–20.
Bhattacharyya T, Chang D, Meigs JB, et al. Mortality after periprosthetic fracture of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:2658–62.
Lindahl H, Malchau H, Herberts P, et al. Periprosthetic femoral fractures classification and demographics of 1049 periprosthetic femoral fractures from the Swedish national hip arthroplasty register. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20:857–65.
Lindahl H, Malchau H, Odιn A, Garellick G. Risk factors for failure after treatment of a periprosthetic fracture of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:26–30.
Pike J, Davidson D, Garbuz D, Duncan CP, O’Brien PJ, Masri BA. Principles of treatment for periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures around well-fixed total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17:677–88.
Masri BA, Meek RM, Duncan CP. Periprosthetic fractures evaluation and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;420:80–95.
Moreta J, Aguirre U, de Ugarte OS, et al. Functional and radiological outcome of periprosthetic femoral fractures after hip arthroplasty. Injury. 2015;46:292–8.
Fleischman AN, Chen AF. Periprosthetic fractures around the femoral stem: overcoming challenges and avoiding pitfalls. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3(16):234.
Langenhan R, Trobisch P, Ricart P, et al. Aggressive surgical treatment of periprosthetic femur fractures can reduce mortality: comparison of open reduction and internal fixation versus a modular prosthesis nail. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26:80–5.
Tsiridis E, Pavlou G, Venkatesh R, Bobak P, Gie G. Periprosthetic femoral fractures around hip arthroplasty: current concepts in their management. Hip Int. 2009;19(2):75–86.
Sidler-Maier CC, Waddell JP. Incidence and predisposing factors of periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures: a literature review. Int Orthop. 2015;39:1673–82.
Berry DJ. Epidemiology: hip and knee. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:183–90.
Shah RP, Sheth NP, Gray C, Alosh H, Garino JP. Periprosthetic fractures around loose femoral components. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22:482–90.
Franklin J, Malchau H. Risk factors for periprosthetic femoral fracture. Injury. 2007;38:655–60.
Rayan F. Fares Haddad Periprosthetic femoral fractures in total hip arthroplasty – a review. Hip Int. 2010;20(04):418–26.
Brady OH, Garbuz DS, Masri BA, et al. The reliability and validity of the Vancouver classification of femoral fractures after hip replacement. J Arthroplasty. 2000;15:59–62.
Brady OH, Garbuz DS, Masri BA, Duncan CP. Classification of the hip. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:215–20.
Naqvi GA, Baig SA, Awan N. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability and validity of the Vancouver classification system of periprosthetic femoral fractures after hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27:1047–50.
Rayan F, Dodd M, Haddad FS. European validation of the Vancouver classification of periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90:1576–9.
Chevillotte CJ, Ali MH, Trousdale RT, et al. Inflammatory laboratory markers in periprosthetic hip fractures. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:722–7.
Haidukewych GJ, Langford J, Liporace FA. Revision for periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee. Instr Course Lect. 2013;62:333–40.
Katzer A, Ince A, Wodtke J, et al. Component exchange in treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures. J Arthroplasty. 2006;21:572–9.
Larson JE, Chao EY, Fitzgerald RH. Bypassing femoral cortical defects with cemented intramedullary stems. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:414–21.
Haddad FS, Duncan CP. Cortical onlay allograft struts in the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:291–300.
Pritchett JW. Fracture of the greater trochanter after hip replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;390:221–6.
Moazen M, Jones AC, Jin Z, et al. Periprosthetic fracture fixation of the femur following total hip arthroplasty: a review of biomechanical testing. Clin Biomech. 2011;26:13–22.
Graham SM, Moazen M, Leonidou A, et al. Locking plate fixation for Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures: a critical analysis of 135 cases. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18:426–36.
Moloney GB, Westrick ER, Siska PA, et al. Treatment of periprosthetic femur fractures around a well-fixed hip arthroplasty implant: span the whole bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134:9–14.
Lever JP, Zdero R, Nousiainen MT, et al. The biomechanical analysis of three plating fixation systems for periprosthetic femoral fracture near the tip of a total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 2010;5:45.
Shah N, McCabe J. Dall-Miles cable and plate system for periprosthetic femoral fracture. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2002;12:137–9.
Beals RK, Tower SS. Periprosthetic fractures of the femur. An analysis of 93 fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;327:238–46.
Sandhu R, Avramidis K, Johnson-Nurse C. Dall-Miles cable and plate fixation system in the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures: a review of 20 cases. J Orthop Surg. 2005;13:259–66.
Spina M, Rocca G, Canella A, et al. Causes of failure in periprosthetic fractures of the hip at 1- to 14-year followup. Injury. 2014;45(Suppl 6):S85–92.
Tadross TS, Nanu AM, Buchanan MJ, et al. Dall-Miles plating for periprosthetic B1 fractures of the femur. J Arthroplasty. 2000;15:47–51.
Tsiridis E, Haddad FS, Gie GA. Dall-Miles plates for periprosthetic femoral fractures. A critical review of 16 cases. Injury. 2003;34:107–10.
Venu KM, Koka R, Garikipati R, et al. Dall-Miles cable and plate fixation for the treatment of peri-prosthetic femoral fractures-analysis of results in 13 cases. Injury. 2001;32:395–400.
Dargan D, Jenkinson MJ, Acton JD. A retrospective review of the Dall-Miles plate for periprosthetic femoral fractures: twenty-seven cases and a review of the literature. Injury. 2014;45:1958–63.
Ricci WM. Periprosthetic femur fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29:130–7.
Bryant GK, Morshed S, Agel J, et al. Isolated locked compression plating for Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures. Injury. 2009;40:1180–6.
Chakravarthy J, Bansal R, Cooper J. Locking plate osteosynthesis for Vancouver type B1 and type C periprosthetic fractures of femur: a report on 12 patients. Injury. 2007;38:725–33.
Ebraheim NA, Gomez C, Ramineni SK, et al. Fixation of periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures adjacent to a wellfixed femoral stem with reversed distal femoral locking plate. J Trauma. 2009;66:1152–7.
Froberg L, Troelsen A, Brix M. Periprosthetic Vancouver type B1 and C fractures treated by locking-plate osteosynthesis: fracture union and reoperations in 60 consecutive fractures. Acta Orthop. 2012;83:648–52.
Xue H, Tu Y, Cai M, et al. Locking compression plate and cerclage band for type B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures preliminary results at average 30-month follow-up. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26:467–71.e1.
Buttaro MA, Farfalli G, Paredes Núñez M, et al. Locking compression plate fixation of Vancouver type-B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:1964–9.
Müller M, Kääb M, Tohtz S, et al. Periprosthetic femoral fractures: outcome after treatment with LISS internal fixation or stem replacement in 36 patients. Acta Orthop Belg. 2009;75:776–83.
Laurer HL, Wutzler S, Possner S, et al. Outcome after operative treatment of Vancouver type B1 and C periprosthetic femoral fractures: open reduction and internal fixation versus revision arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131:983–9.
Kobbe P, Klemm R, Reilmann H, et al. Less invasive stabilisation system (LISS) for the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures: a 3-year follow-up. Injury. 2008;39:472–9.
Füchtmeier B, Galler M, Müller F. Mid-term results of 121 periprosthetic femoral fractures: increased failure and mortality within but not after one postoperative year. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30:669–74.
White RR. Fixation of periprosthetic femur fractures around total hip implants without the use of cables or struts. Tech Orthop. 2013;28:218–24.
Dehghan N, McKee MD, Nauth A, et al. Surgical fixation of Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femur fractures: a systematic review. J Orthop Trauma. 2014;28:721–7.
Meiners J, Faschingbauer M, Voigt C, et al. Polyaxial locked implants in the treatment of type vancouver B1 periprosthetic fractures of the femur: retrospective clinical examination in 58 cases with review of the literature. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2010;36:53–9.
Sen R, Prasad P, Kumar S, Nagi O. Periprosthetic femoral fractures around well fixed implants: a simple method of fixation using LC-DCP with trochanteric purchase. Acta Orthop Belg. 2007;73:200–6.
Ricci WM, Bolhofner BR, Loftus T, Cox C, Mitchell S, Borrelli J Jr. Indirect reduction and plate fixation, without grafting, for periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures about a stable intramedullary implant. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:2240–5.
Mukundan C, Rayan F, Kheir E, et al. Management of late periprosthetic femur fractures: a retrospective cohort of 72 patients. Int Orthop. 2010;34:485–9.
Tsiridis E, Narvani AA, Timperley JA, Gie GA. Dynamic compression plates for Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures: a 3-year follow-up of 18 cases. Acta Orthop. 2005;76:531–7.
Haddad FS, Duncan CP, Berry DJ, Lewallen DG, Gross AE, Chandler HP. Periprosthetic femoral fractures around well-fixed implants: use of cortical onlay allografts with or without a plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:945–50.
Head WC, Malinin TI. Results of onlay allografts. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;371:108–12.
Emerson RHJ. Basic science of onlay allografts: a review. Instr Course Lect. 2000;49:97–102.
Pak JH, Paprosky WG, Jablonsky WS, et al. Femoral strut allografts in cementless revision total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;295:172–8.
Tsiridis E, Spence G, Gamie Z, et al. Grafting for periprosthetic femoral fractures: strut, impaction or femoral replacement. Injury. 2007;38:688–97.
Moore RE, Baldwin K, Austin MS, et al. A systematic review of open reduction and internal fixation of periprosthetic femur fractures with or without allograft strut, cerclage, and locked plates. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29:872–6.
Weeden SH, Paprosky WG. Minimal 11-year follow-up of extensively porous-coated stems in femoral revision total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17(4 Suppl 1):134–7.
García-Rey E, García-Cimbrelo E, Cruz-Pardos A, Madero R. Increase of cortical bone after a cementless long stem in periprosthetic fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(12):3912–21.
OνShea K, Quinlan JF, Kutty S, et al. The use of uncemented extensively porous-coated femoral components in the management of Vancouver type B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(12):1617–21.
Munro JT, Garbuz DS, Masri BA, Duncan CP. Tapered fluted titanium stems in the management of Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(2):590–8.
Mulay S, Hassan T, Birtwistle S, et al. Management of types B2 and B3 femoral periprosthetic fractures by a tapered, fluted and distally fixed stem. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20(6):751–6.
Abdel MP, Lewallen DG, Berry DJ. Periprosthetic femur fractures treated with modular fluted, tapered stems. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(2):599–603.
Srinivasan A, Jung E, Levine BR. Modularity of the femoral component in total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(4):214–22.
Briant-Evans TW, Veeramootoo D, Tsiridis E, Hubble MJW. Cement-in-cement stem revision for Vancouver type B peri-prosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty. 3 year follow up of 23 cases. Acta Orthop. 2009;80(5):548–52.
Holt G, Hook S, Hubble M. Revision total hip arthroplasty: the femoral side using cemented implants. Int Orthop. 2011;35:267–73.
Berry DJ. Treatment of Vancouver B3 periprosthetic femur fractures with a fluted tapered stem. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;417:224–31.
Levine BR, Della Valle CJ, Lewis P, Berger RA, Sporer SM, Paprosky W. Extended trochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of vancouver B2/B3 periprosthetic fractures of the femur. J Arthroplasty. 2008;23(4):527–33.
Lee GC, Nelson CL, Virmani S, Manikonda K, Israelite CL, Garino JP. Management of periprosthetic femur fractures with severe bone loss using impaction bone grafting technique. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25(3):405–9.
Maury AC, Pressman A, Cayen B, Zalzal P, Backstein D, Gross A. Proximal femoral allograft treatment of Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(5):953–8.
Haddad FS, Garbuz DS, Masri BA, Duncan CP. Structural proximal femoral allografts for failed total hip replacements: a minimum review of five years. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(6):830–6.
McLean AL, Patton JT, Moran M. Femoral replacement for salvage of Periprosthetic fracture around a total hip replacement. Injury. 2012;43(7):1166–9.
Abdel MP, Cottino U, Mabry TM. Management of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty: a review. Int Orthop. 2015;39:2005–10.
Corten K, Vanrykel F, Bellemans J, Frederix PR, Simon JP, Broos PL. An algorithm for the surgical treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the femur around a well-fixed femoral component. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91:1424–30.
Youssef B, Pavlou G, Shah N, Macheras G, Tsiridis E. Impaction bone grafting for periprosthetic fractures around a total hip arthroplasty. Injury. 2014;45(11):1674–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.07.028. Epub 2014 Aug 15. Review
Te Stroet MA, Bronsema E, Rijnen WH, Gardeniers JW, Schreurs BW. The use of a long stem cemented femoral component in revision total hip replacement: a follow-up study of five to 16 years. Bone Joint J. 2014;96-B(9):1207–13. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.96B9.33304.
Dearden PM, Bobak PP, Giannoudis PV. Impaction bone grafting and cemented stem revision in periprosthetic hip fractures: a novel surgical technique. Hip Int. 2014;24(2):210–2.
Mitchell PA, Greidanus NV, Masri BA, Garbuz DS, Duncan CP. The prevention of periprosthetic fractures of the femur during and after total hip arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:301–8. Review
Vaishya R, Swami S, Vijay V, Vaish A. Bilateral total hip arthroplasty in a young man with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015. pii: bcr2014207853. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-207.853.
Bonnin MP, Neto CC, Aitsiselmi T, Murphy CG, Bossard N, Roche S. Increased incidence of femoral fractures in small femurs and women undergoing uncemented total hip arthroplasty - why? Bone Joint J. 2015;97-B(6):741–8. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.97B6.35022.033.052.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kenanidis, E. et al. (2018). Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures (PFFs). In: Tsiridis, E. (eds) The Adult Hip - Master Case Series and Techniques. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64177-5_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64177-5_39
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64175-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64177-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)