Abstract
In the field of health sciences, cross-cultural research is enabling researchers to test, modify and disseminate theories in an international context. This practice entails the need to translate both measurement instruments and their application and correction instructions, usually from English into other languages. In this chapter, we describe the concepts of linguistic equivalence, functional equivalence, cultural equivalence and metric equivalence, along with some examples.
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Vizcaya-Moreno, M.F., Pérez-Cañaveras, R.M. (2018). Country Validation of the CLES-Scale: Linguistic and Cultural Perspectives. In: Saarikoski, M., Strandell-Laine, C. (eds) The CLES-Scale: An Evaluation Tool for Healthcare Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63649-8_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63649-8_4
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