Abstract
The relatively new field of robotic surgery is being used to manage a number of conditions related to female infertility.
Abdominal cerclage. Incompetent cervix is the inability of the uterine cervix to retain a pregnancy in the second trimester, in the absence of uterine contractions. Transvaginally or transabdominally performed cervical cerclages are the mainstay of surgical treatment. Transabdominal cerclage is generally reserved for when anatomy limits cerclage placement or transvaginal cervical cerclage procedures have previously failed. Open or minimally invasive options are available for transabdominal surgery, but robot-assisted cervical cerclage is rapidly gaining acceptance with its record of safety and procedure success.
Tubal reversal. Tubal ligation is widely accepted contraception method for women, in which pregnancy is prevented by disrupting fallopian tube patency. Although it is considered to be permanent, requests for reversal of the procedure (recanalization) are not infrequent. After robotic tubal reanastomosis, the overall pregnancy rate was found to be 71% at 2-year follow-up. Quicker recovery time and return to work, early hospital discharge, and smaller incisions are the main advantages of minimally invasive surgery over open surgery.
Reconstruction of uterine anomalies. Any disruption of Müllerian duct development during embryogenesis can result in Müllerian duct anomalies. Robotic technology has advantages over classical laparoscopy-related methods for surgical correction of Müllerian anomalies, especially in sigmoid vaginoplasty and robotic metroplasty. The use of a robot-assisted technique may enhance the safety of uterine transplantation surgeries in the future by facilitating the microvascular anastomosis, vaginal anastomosis, and ligaments fixation.
References
Moss C, Isley MM. Sterilization: a review and update. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2015;42(4):713–24.
Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, Tylor LR, et al. Poststerilization regret: findings from the United States collaborative review of sterilization. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93(6):889–95.
Henderson SR. The reversibility of female sterilization with the use of microsurgery: a report on 102 patients with more than one year of follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;149(1):57–65.
Hanafi MM. Factors affecting the pregnancy rate after microsurgical reversal of tubal ligation. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(2):434–40.
Gordts S, Campo R, Puttemans P, et al. Clinical factors determining pregnancy outcome after microsurgical tubal reanastomosis. Fertil Steril. 2009;92(4):1198–202.
Yoon TK, Sung HR, Kang HG, et al. Laparoscopic tubal anastomosis: fertility outcome in 202 cases. Fertil Steril. 1999;72(6):1121–6.
Margossian H, Garcia-Ruiz A, Falcone T, et al. Robotically assisted laparoscopic tubal anastomosis in a porcine model: a pilot study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 1998;8(2):69–73.
Degueldre M, Vandromme J, Huong PT, et al. Robotically assisted laparoscopic microsurgical tubal reanastomosis: a feasibility study. Fertil Steril. 2000;74(5):1020–3.
Falcone T, Goldberg JM, Margossian H, et al. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic microsurgical tubal anastomosis: a human pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2000;73(5):1040–2.
Zite N, Borrero S. Female sterilisation in the United States. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(5):336–40.
Gargiulo AR. Fertility preservation and the role of robotics. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;54(3):431–48.
Bedaiwy MA, Barakat EM, Falcone T. Robotic tubal anastomosis: technical aspects. JSLS. 2011;15(1):10–15. PMC3134681.
Dharia Patel SP, Steinkampf MP, Whitten SJ, et al. Robotic tubal anastomosis: surgical technique and cost effectiveness. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(4):1175–9.
Einarsson JI, Hibner M, Advincula AP. Side docking: an alternative docking method for gynecologic robotic surgery. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011;4(3–4):123–5. PMC3252883.
Schippert C, Soergel P, Staboulidou I, et al. The risk of ectopic pregnancy following tubal reconstructive microsurgery and assisted reproductive technology procedures. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(3):863–71.
Caillet M, Vandromme J, Rozenberg S, et al. Robotically assisted laparoscopic microsurgical tubal reanastomosis: a retrospective study. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):1844–7.
Rodgers AK, Goldberg JM, Hammel JP, et al. Tubal anastomosis by robotic compared with outpatient minilaparotomy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(6):1375–80.
Lima M, Cantone N, Destro F, et al. Combined laparoscopic and hysteroscopic approach for the treatment of a hybrid Mullerian duct anomaly: a case report. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2013;23(11):960–4.
Saygili-Yilmaz E, Yildiz S, Erman-Akar M, et al. Reproductive outcome of septate uterus after hysteroscopic metroplasty. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003;268(4):289–92.
Vallerie AM, Breech LL. Update in Mullerian anomalies: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;22(5):381–7.
Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(8):2032–44. PMC3712660.
Arleo EK, Troiano RN. Complex Mullerian duct anomalies defying traditional classification: lessons learned. J Fertil. 2013;1:115.
Iverson R, Decherney A, Laufer M. Surgical management of congenital uterine anomalies. In: Barbieri R, editor. UpToDate. Waltham: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.
AFS. The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions, distal tubal occlusion, tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation, tubal pregnancies, Mullerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions. Fertil Steril. 1988;49(6):944–55.
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Congenital genitourinary abnormalities. In:Williams obstetrics. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. p. 36–45.
Nahum GG. Uterine anomalies. How common are they, and what is their distribution among subtypes? J Reprod Med. 1998;43(10):877–87.
Reichman D, Laufer MR, Robinson BK. Pregnancy outcomes in unicornuate uteri: a review. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1886–94.
Heinonen PK. Uterus didelphys: a report of 26 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1984;17(5):345–50.
Smith NA, Laufer MR. Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome: management and follow-up. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(4):918–22.
Tong J, Zhu L, Lang J. Clinical characteristics of 70 patients with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121(2):173–5.
El Saman AM, Shahin AY, Nasr A, et al. Hybrid septate uterus, coexistence of bicornuate and septate varieties: a genuine report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012;38(11):1308–14.
Iverson R, Decherney A, Laufer M. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the uterus. In: Barbieri R, editor. UpToDate. Waltham: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.
Guirgis RR, Shrivastav P. Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) in women with bicornuate uteri. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf. 1990;7(5):283–4.
Marcus S, Al-Shawaf T, Brinsden P. The obstetric outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in women with congenital uterine malformation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(1):85–9.
Markham SM, Waterhouse TB. Structural anomalies of the reproductive tract. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1992;4(6):867–73.
Pellerito JS, Mccarthy SM, Doyle MB, et al. Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: relative accuracy of MR imaging, endovaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography. Radiology. 1992;183(3):795–800.
Acien P, Acien M, Sanchez-Ferrer M. Complex malformations of the female genital tract. New types and revision of classification. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(10):2377–84.
Chen YJ, Twu NF, Horng HC, et al. Robotic modified Jones metroplasty for uterine unification. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2010;17(6):S11–2.
Gungor M, Afsar S, Ozbasli E, et al. The robotic metroplasty in a patient with hybrid septate variant anomaly. J Robot Surg. 2016;10(3):271–4.
Wright C, Hanna MK. Thirty-six vaginal constructions: lessons learned. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10(4):667–71.
Committee on Adolescent Health Care. Committee opinion: no. 562: Mullerian agenesis: diagnosis, management, and treatment. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(5):1134–7.
Dargent D, Marchiole P, Giannesi A, et al. Laparoscopic Davydov or laparoscopic transposition of the peritoneal colpopoeisis described by Davydov for the treatment of congenital vaginal agenesis: the technique and its evolution. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2004;32(12):1023–30.
Gauwerky JF, Wallwiener D, Bastert G. An endoscopically assisted technique for construction of a neovagina. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1992;252(2):59–63.
Mcindoe A. The treatment of congenital absence and obliterative conditions of the vagina. Br J Plast Surg. 1950;2(4):254–67.
Popp LW, Ghirardini G. Creation of a neovagina by pelviscopy. J Laparoendosc Surg. 1992;2(3):165–73.
Urbanowicz W, Starzyk J, Sulislawski J. Laparoscopic vaginal reconstruction using a sigmoid colon segment: a preliminary report. J Urol. 2004;171(6 Pt 2):2632–5.
Kim C, Campbell B, Ferrer F. Robotic sigmoid vaginoplasty: a novel technique. Urology. 2008;72(4):847–9.
Boztosun A, Olgan S. Robotic sigmoid vaginoplasty in an adolescent girl with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2016;22(5):e32–5.
Pushkar P, Rawat SK, Chowdhary SK. Robotic approach to vaginal atresia repair in an adolescent girl. Urol Ann. 2015;7(3):396–8. PMC4518385.
Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID. Possible role of DaVinci robot in uterine transplantation. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16(3):179–80. PMC4560477.
Braumann C, Jacobi CA, Menenakos C, et al. Computer-assisted laparoscopic colon resection with the Da Vinci system: our first experiences. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(9):1820–7.
Denoto G, Rubach E, Ravikumar TS. A standardized technique for robotically performed sigmoid colectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2006;16(6):551–6.
Anderberg M, Bossmar T, Arnbjornsson E, et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopic hemihysterectomy for a rare genitourinary malformation with associated duplication of the inferior vena cava—a case report. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2010;20(3):206–8.
Persson J, Reynisson P, Borgfeldt C, et al. Robot assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with short and long term morbidity data. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;113(2):185–90.
Liu XX, Jiang ZW, Chen P, et al. Full robot-assisted gastrectomy with intracorporeal robot-sewn anastomosis produces satisfying outcomes. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(38):6427–37. PMC3801313.
Uyama I, Sugioka A, Fujita J, et al. Completely laparoscopic extraperigastric lymph node dissection for gastric malignancies located in the middle or lower third of the stomach. Gastric Cancer. 1999;2(3):186–90.
Sheyn D, Abouassaly R, Paspulati R, et al. Multidisciplinary approach for management of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome and rectal prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26(7):1079–81.
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Abortion, early pregnancy. In:Williams obstetrics. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. p. 350–76.
Vyas NA, Vink JS, Ghidini A, et al. Risk factors for cervical insufficiency after term delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(3):787–91.
Saccone G, Perriera L, Berghella V. Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(5):572–91.
Warren JE, Silver RM, Dalton J, et al. Collagen 1Alpha1 and transforming growth factor-beta polymorphisms in women with cervical insufficiency. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(3):619–24.
Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Tan A, et al. Reproductive outcomes in women with congenital uterine anomalies: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38(4):371–82.
Rackow BW, Arici A. Reproductive performance of women with Mullerian anomalies. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;19(3):229–37.
Kaufman RH, Adam E, Hatch EE, et al. Continued follow-up of pregnancy outcomes in diethylstilbestrol-exposed offspring. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96(4):483–9.
Grobman WA, Gilbert SA, Iams JD, et al. Activity restriction among women with a short cervix. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(6):1181–6. PMC4019312.
Sciscione AC. Maternal activity restriction and the prevention of preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(3):232.e1–5.
Abdel-Aleem H, Shaaban OM, Abdel-Aleem MA. Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;5:Cd007873.
Dharan VB, Ludmir J. Alternative treatment for a short cervix: the cervical pessary. Semin Perinatol. 2009;33(5):338–42.
Goya M, Pratcorona L, Merced C, et al. Cervical pessary in pregnant women with a short cervix (PECEP): an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England). 2012;379(9828):1800–6.
Herron MA, Parer JT. Transabdominal cerclage for fetal wastage due to cervical incompetence. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;71(6 Pt 1):865–8.
Berghella V, Szychowski JM, Owen J, et al. Suture type and ultrasound-indicated cerclage efficacy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(11):2287–90.
Harger JH. Comparison of success and morbidity in cervical cerclage procedures. Obstet Gynecol. 1980;56(5):543–8.
Mcdonald IA. Suture of the cervix for inevitable miscarriage. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp. 1957;64(3):346–50.
Shirodkar V. A new method of operative treatment for habitual abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy. Antiseptic. 1955;52:299–300.
Toaff R, Toaff ME, Ballas S, et al. Cervical incompetence: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Isr J Med Sci. 1977;13(1):39–49.
Burger NB, Brolmann HA, Einarsson JI, et al. Effectiveness of abdominal cerclage placed via laparotomy or laparoscopy: systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011;18(6):696–704.
Wolfe L, Depasquale S, Adair CD, et al. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic placement of transabdominal cerclage during pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 2008;25(10):653–5.
Fick AL, Caughey AB, Parer JT. Transabdominal cerclage: can we predict who fails? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007;20(1):63–7.
Umstad MP, Quinn MA, Ades A. Transabdominal cervical cerclage. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;50(5):460–4.
Davis G, Berghella V, Talucci M, et al. Patients with a prior failed transvaginal cerclage: a comparison of obstetric outcomes with either transabdominal or transvaginal cerclage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183(4):836–9.
Tulandi T, Alghanaim N, Hakeem G, et al. Pre and post-conceptional abdominal cerclage by laparoscopy or laparotomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014;21(6):987–93.
Zeybek B, Hill A, Menderes G, et al. Robot-assisted abdominal cerclage during pregnancy. JSLS. 2016;20(4):e2016.00072. PMC5118107.
Estape RE, Schroeder ED, Estape RA, et al. Robotic abdominal cerclage: a case series with pregnancy outcomes. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2015;22(6s):S235.
ACOG. ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(2 Pt 1):372–9.
Walsh TM, Borahay MA, Fox KA, et al. Robotic-assisted, ultrasound-guided abdominal cerclage during pregnancy: overcoming minimally invasive surgery limitations? J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2013;20(3):398–400.
Zeybek B, Borahay M, Kilic GS. Overcoming the obstacles of visualization in robotically assisted abdominal cerclage using indocyanine green. J Robot Surg. 2016;10(4):361–4.
Dawood F, Farquharson RG. Transabdominal cerclage: preconceptual versus first trimester insertion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;199:27–31.
Pundir J, Coomarasamy A. Preterm labour (PTL). In:Obstetrics: evidence-based algorithms. London: Cambridge University Press; 2016.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Electronic Supplementary Material
Cerclage-Pregnant.updated
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kilic, S.G., Unlu, B.S., Kurdoglu, M. (2018). Role of Robotics in the Management of Infertility. In: El-Ghobashy, A., Ind, T., Persson, J., Magrina, J. (eds) Textbook of Gynecologic Robotic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63429-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63429-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-63428-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-63429-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)