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Social Media in Disaster Communication

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Handbook of Disaster Research

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

Abstract

This chapter surveys the rapid rise of social media in a range of disaster experiences, reviewing topics of citizen reporting, community-oriented computing, distributed problem solving, and digital volunteerism as forms of socio-technical innovation, as well as topics of situational awareness and veracity as opportunities and challenges that arise from the social media data deluge. The chapter also reviews the research that examines the inclusion of social media technology and data in existing emergency management work. In reflecting on the decade-old field of research, the authors warn of the danger of inadvertently collapsing all “crisis” experiences together without distinction, which tends to happen because social media platforms cross-cut all emergency situations. In an attempt to isolate what social media newly contributes, the tendency is to fail to consider how non-technological factors strongly influence the use of social media itself on collective socio-behavioral scales.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Social media are Internet-based applications that promote high social interaction and user-content generation often at a one-to-many or a many-to-many scale. Most social media services are supported across multiple devices including smartphones, computers, and tablets. Examples of popular social networking applications include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr.

  2. 2.

    http://www.ushahidi.com/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

  3. 3.

    http://www.openstreetmap.org/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

  4. 4.

    http://crisiscommons.org/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

  5. 5.

    http://www.humanityroad.org/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

  6. 6.

    http://www.standbytaskforce.org (accessed January 16, 2017).

  7. 7.

    http://www.ushahidi.com/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

  8. 8.

    Furthermore, beyond the natural versus criminal hazard divide, the term “crisis” encompasses war and other political unrest. It also encompasses long-ranging environmental hazards arising from global warming, including sea level rise and drought.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to be a part of a growing network of scholars and practitioners who, through empirical investigation, design, and deployment, are expanding the effectiveness of information and communication technology in disaster warning, response, recovery and mitigation. This work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants AGS-1331490 and IIS-0910586.

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  1. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    Leysia Palen

  2. Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA

    Amanda L. Hughes

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Correspondence to Leysia Palen .

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  1. University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA

    Havidán Rodríguez

  2. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA

    William Donner

  3. Core Faculty, Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA

    Joseph E. Trainor

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Palen, L., Hughes, A.L. (2018). Social Media in Disaster Communication. In: Rodríguez, H., Donner, W., Trainor, J. (eds) Handbook of Disaster Research. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_24

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