Abstract
Chapter 4 shifts the focus from young people’s offending to their experience as victims of crime. This chapter presents initial ISRD3 findings on victimization from 27 countries. The chapter presents data for (1) victimization in the previous year and (2) whether the police were notified of this victimization. Patterns of victimization are presented under four headings: “Core crimes” (robbery, theft, and assault; cyberbullying; hate crime; and parental use of physical force). The chapter also shows (incidence-based) rates of police notification of victimization, as well as the reporting frequency per 100 incidents. One of the main findings emerging from the analyses is that police reporting rates do not seem to link primarily to distrust in the police. Chapter 4 also includes some important and novel findings on domestic violence against children, as well as on hate crime victimization.
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- 1.
We need to reiterate here that the data for the USA are still incomplete and preliminary and likely will be adjusted later.
- 2.
Based on the online follow-ups, the Finnish “excess” cases were concentrated to shopping mall incidents.
- 3.
However, note that both India and Cape Verde have a relatively high level of missing data (11% and 12%, respectively)
- 4.
- 5.
Croatia is an exception to this pattern.
- 6.
Note that this figure is based on a small sample of cases.
- 7.
The values of HDI are centered at the total mean and standardized by two standard deviations in order to make the size of the odds ratios compatible to effects of the dichotomous dummy variables of migration status (see Gelman 2008).
- 8.
The US questionnaire asked about racial and ethnic identification as follows: “Do you think of yourself as (1) White (not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino), (2) Black or African American, (3) American Indian or Alaska Native, (4) Asian, (5) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, (6) White Spanish/Hispanic/Latino, (7) Non-White Spanish/Hispanic/Latino or (8) Other?” This is consistent with common use by the US census. Note that in the current analysis, white Spanish students are treated as distinct from those students who identified themselves as simply “white.”
- 9.
Elliott and Urquiza (2006) have made a strong argument that the issue of the role of ethnicity, race, and culture in child maltreatment in the USA is complex and in need of additional exploration. This is also true for other national contexts.
- 10.
Hate crime is not, of course, a new form of victimization, but its classification within criminal statistics and criminological research is recent.
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Enzmann, D., Kivivuori, J., Haen Marshall, I., Steketee, M., Hough, M., Killias, M. (2018). Young People as Victims of Crime. In: A Global Perspective on Young People as Offenders and Victims. SpringerBriefs in Criminology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63233-9_4
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