Abstract
The last decades have seen a significant development in the economic, political, technological and social landscape. In this context of development, new occupational risks—such as psychosocial risks—have emerged. The term “psychosocial” refers to a combination of psychological and social factors. In order to tackle these challenges, occupational safety and health (OSH) research must include psychosocial risks, by focusing on specific aspects related to the changing nature of the world of work and offering integrated solutions taking into consideration social, economic, national and organisational factors. In this context, Law has a role to play and would be relevant to lead to change the approaches.
Article based largely on a keynote presented at the XIV International Conference in Commemoration of Professor Marco Biagi, Wellbeing at and through work, Modena, 17–18 March 2016.
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Notes
- 1.
See Iavicoli S., “Les facteurs de risques psychosociaux dans le monde changeant du travail” in Lerouge Loïc (ed.), Approche interdisciplinaire des risques psychosociaux au travail, Octarès éditions, coll. Le travail en débats, 2014, pp. 9–21.
- 2.
According to the definition we provided in Chap. 1, stress is an outcome of exposure to psychosocial factors and not a psychosocial factor itself, see Leka, Stavroula and Van Wassenhove, Wim and Jain, Aditya Kailash “Is psychosocial risk prevention possible? Deconstructing common presumptions”, Safety Science, 71 (A). pp. 61–67.
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; OECD, (2012). Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work, http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/employmentmentalhealthissuesrisinginworkplacesaysoecd.htm.
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European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; EUROFOUND, (2013). Impact of the Crisis on Working Conditions in Europe, 70 p.
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According to the comprehensive definition adopted by the Joint ILO–WHO Committee on Occupational Health at its First Session (1950) and revised at its 12th Session (1995); see ILO, Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health. Report of the Committee, 12th Session, Geneva, 5–7 April 1995.
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http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/risks_psychosocial/en/; Leka L., Jain A., (2010). Health Impact of Psychosocial Hazards at Work: An Overview, WHO, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500272_eng.pdf.
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ILO (2010), Emerging Risks and new Patterns of Prevention in a changing world of work, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), World day for Safety and Health at Work, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_123653.pdf.
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See http://www.ilo.org/safework/events/courses/WCMS_126657/lang--en/index.htm: “SOLVE is an interactive educational programme designed to assist in the development of policy and action to address health promotion issues at the workplace. […] The overall objective of this course is to develop knowledge and skills that will lead to the integration of the psychosocial and health promotion issues into a comprehensive enterprise policy and establish a framework for preventative action”.
- 10.
ILO, “Workplace Stress: a Collective Challenge”, World Day For Safety And Health At Work, 28 April 2016, 57 p., http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_466547.pdf28 APRIL 2016.
- 11.
See the results found from ESENER on https://osha.europa.eu/en/esener-enterprise-survey.
- 12.
See Work-related stress – EU-OSHA campaign, https://osha.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/work-related-stress-eu-osha-campaign-calls-on-employers-and-workers-to-tackle-it-together.
- 13.
Psychosocial Risk Management Excellence Framework (PRIMA-EF), http://www.prima-ef.org/.
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The Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union states in the article 6 that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU “shall have the same legal value as the Treaties”.
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Ibid.
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Casaux-Labrunée L., “Le “droit à la santé”” in Libertés et droits fondamentaux, op. cit.
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Ibid.
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B outy C., “Harcèlement moral et droit commun de la responsabilité civile”, Droit Social, juillet-août 2002, pp. 695–701.
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See Pélissier J., Supiot A., Jeammaud A., Droit du Travail, Dalloz, 22ème édition, 2004, § 969.
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Lerouge L., La reconnaissance d’un droit à la protection de la santé mentale au travail, LGDJ, Coll. Bibliothèque de droit social, 40, 2005, §261.
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See Johada M., Employment and unemployment. A social-psychological analysis, Cambridge University press, 1982, 124 p.
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Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 14 June 2007, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , Case C-127/05;Tissandier H., “Risques psychosociaux et Cour de Justice de l’Union Européenne” in Lerouge L. (dir.), Analyse jurisprudentielle comparée des risques psychosociaux en Europe, L’Harmattan, 2012, pp. 23–41.
- 40.
Thoughts from session 5 of the workshop “Clinique du travail et évolution du droit”, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, 26 October 2012.
- 41.
Op. cit.
- 42.
The 9th of November 2010, the Court of Cassation recognised bullying without malicious intent from the perpetrator. In a second ruling the same day, the Court of Cassation recognised some methods of management as bullying by a supervisor if it is repeated actions focused on an individual whose object and effects is to deteriorate working conditions, to harm physical and mental health or to jeopardize professional future.
- 43.
See Conference on “Towards a Feasible New Economy of Innovative and Healthy Work” organised by Robert Karasek and Loïc Lerouge on April 28th–29th, 2016 in Bordeaux, http://healthywork2016.sciencesconf.org.
- 44.
Karasek R., “An Alternative Economic Vision for Healthy Work: Conducive Economy”, BSTS, 2004, n° 24, pp. 397–429.
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Lerouge, L. (2017). Making the Law a Key Instrument for Combating Psychosocial Risks in a Changing World of Work. In: Lerouge, L. (eds) Psychosocial Risks in Labour and Social Security Law. Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63065-6_24
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