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Regenerating Melanocytes: Current Stem Cell Approaches with Focus on Muse Cells

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Vitiligo

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Abstract

Muse cells are recently found endogenous non-tumorigenic pluripotent stem cells that reside in connective tissue of various organs including the dermis and in the bone marrow. They are collectable as cells positive for stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3, a pluripotent surface marker, from tissues, and are expandable in vitro. Other than SSEA-3, they express Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox, other pluripotent genes. Notably, they are able to differentiate into cells representative of all three germ layers from single cells and are self-renewable, suggesting their pluripotency. Muse cells collected from human dermal fibroblasts (dermal-Muse cells) were shown to efficiently differentiate into melanin-producing functional melanocytes by treating them with ten factors. Functions of melanocytes induced from Muse cells (Muse melanocytes) were comparable to that of primary human melanocytes. Melanin-producing ability of human Muse melanocytes was retained when they were incorporated into human-colored three-dimensional (3D) cultured skin and even after transplantation of the 3D-cultured skin into the back of immunodeficient mice. Since Muse cells are non-tumorigenic and harvestable from easy accessible sources such as skin biopsy and dermal fibroblasts, Muse melanocytes are beneficial for both industrial and clinical uses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Mari Dezawa

  2. Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Kenichiro Tsuchiyama, Kenshi Yamazaki & Setsuya Aiba

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  1. Mari Dezawa
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  2. Kenichiro Tsuchiyama
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  3. Kenshi Yamazaki
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  4. Setsuya Aiba
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Correspondence to Mari Dezawa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cutaneous Physiopathology & CIRM, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy

    Mauro Picardo

  2. Hôpital Saint André, Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, INSERM U 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Alain Taïeb

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Dezawa, M., Tsuchiyama, K., Yamazaki, K., Aiba, S. (2019). Regenerating Melanocytes: Current Stem Cell Approaches with Focus on Muse Cells. In: Picardo, M., Taïeb, A. (eds) Vitiligo. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62960-5_30

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