Abstract
Low-permeability gas reservoirs, which are widely distributed in China Offshore, could hardly be developed, due to the restrictions of the platform. LS gas field has the characteristic: prematurely senile appearance. That means it is currently in the middle period of development but has many features of the later period of the gas field’s life. There are two types of reservoirs in this gas field: conventional reservoirs distributed in the upper stratum and unconventional reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability distributed in the lower stratum. In order to compensate the decline of conventional gas production, the development of unconventional reservoirs has taken place during the past years.
In LS gas field, the permeability of unconventional gas reservoirs ranges between 0.3 and 1 mD. The developing practice shows that the reservoirs with permeability lower than 1 mD don’t have natural productivity to maintain production. Hence, practices have been implemented gradually: acid fracturing, sand fracturing, low-cost fracturing based on platform, integration of completion fracturing, etc. After several years of practice, the sand fracturing technology was developed to be a proven technology and was selected preferentially.
This paper presented: Design of sand fracturing, including the parameters such as sand amount, fracture size, etc. Equations (some are based on theories and some are based on experience) have been deduced to calculate productivity for production wells after sand fractured. Numerical simulation in accordance with the equations was applied in low-permeability gas reservoirs. Analyzing and evaluating the sand fracturing in different types of reservoirs. Calculation and prediction of the gradient stress could provide guidance for sand fracturing. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the parameters in simulation. Furthermore, the future trend of unconventional reservoirs’ development was also discussed in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Barree, R.D.: A Practical Numerical Simulator for Three-Dimensional Fracture Propagation in Heterogeneous Media. SPE 12273-MS, presented at SPE Symposium on Reservoir Simulation, San Francisco, 15–18 November (1983)
Giger, F.M.: Horizontal Wells Production Techniques in Heterogeneous Reservoirs. SPE 13710-MS, presented at SPE Middle East Oil Technical Conference and Exhibition, Bahrain, March 11–14 (1985)
Guppy, K.H., Kumar, S., Kagawan, V.D.: Pressure-transient analysis for fractured wells producing at constant pressure. SPE 13629-PA. SPE Form. Eval. 3(1), 169–178 (1988)
Joshi, S.D. A Review of Horizontal Well and Drainhole Technology. SPE 16868-MS, presented at SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, 27–30 September (1987)
Kuchuk, F.J., Goode, P.A., Wilkinson, D.J., Thambynayagam, R.K.M.: Pressure-transient behavior of horizontal wells with and without gas cap or aquifer. SPE 17413-PA. SPE Form. Eval. 6(1), 86–94 (1991)
Ley, C., Heber Samaniego, V.F.: Determination of the orientation of a finite conductivity vertical fracture by pressure transient analysis. SPE 6750-MS, presented at SPE Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, Colorado, 9–12 October (1977)
Li, H., Jia, Z., Wei, Z.: A New Method to Predict Performance of Fractured Horizontal Wells. SPE 37051-MS, presented at SPE International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 18–20 November (1996)
Mu, Z., Yuan, X., Zhu, X.: The calculating method of horizontal wells with hydraulic fractures for low-permeability reservoirs. Geoscience (China) April. 23(2) (2009)
Naceur, K.B., Touboul, E.: Mechanisms controlling fracture-height growth in layered media. SPE 16433-PA. SPE Prod. Eng. 5(2), 142–150 (2013)
Valko, P.P., Oligney, R.E., Economides, M.J.: High permeability fracturing of gas wells. Pet. Eng. Int. 71(1), 75–88 (1998)
Yang, D., Zhang, Q., Fan, L.: Inflow performance of horizontal wells in naturally fractured reservoirs. J. Univ. Petrol. 23(6), 44–47 (1999)
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to acknowledge the colleagues for their hard work and contribution in this research. This paper is based on many reports and researches of many colleagues in Research Institute. The authors wish to acknowledge the leaders of CNOOC Ltd.-Shanghai for the support and permission to publish this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xue, H., Li, Y., Cai, H., Yang, Z., Cheng, C., Li, N. (2018). Productivity Analysis and Numerical Simulation for Fractured Wells in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. In: Aloui, F., Dincer, I. (eds) Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 1. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62571-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62572-0
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)