Abstract
This chapter delves into the economic frontier mentality that underpins the second predominant way in which Canadian society frames and projects views about the Arctic region. It investigates the history of resource development and extraction in the Canadian North and Arctic and the role this has played within the Canadian public’s imagination of the Arctic region as a frontier region with riches that can be obtained only by those who persevere. It argues that though these economic ideas have many similarities and overlapping historical moments with the romantic ideas, the focus on the Arctic as a frontier to be explored in the pursuit of riches is a key distinguishing factor between them.
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Notes
- 1.
Steinberg et al. 2015, p. 93.
- 2.
Steinberg et al. 2015, p. 92.
- 3.
Oxford Dictionaries 2015.
- 4.
- 5.
Steinberg et al. 2015, pp. 92–3.
- 6.
Retired Coast Guard official, 24 October 2012.
- 7.
Berger 1988, p. 23.
- 8.
Berger 1988, p. 10.
- 9.
Berger 1988, p. 47.
- 10.
Williams 2013, p. 117.
- 11.
Interview with a Dew Lines Clean-Up Expert, 6 November 2012.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 81.
- 15.
Alia 2007, p. 123.
- 16.
- 17.
Sandler 2006, p. 91.
- 18.
Sandler 2006, p. 121.
- 19.
Priaulx Library n.d.
- 20.
Stueck 2013.
- 21.
- 22.
Sale and Potapov 2010, pp. 81–84.
- 23.
Bonesteel 2006, p. v.
- 24.
Caldwell 1990, p. 2.
- 25.
Caldwell 1990, p. 12.
- 26.
Elliot-Meisel 1998, p. 27.
- 27.
Caldwell 1990, p. 12.
- 28.
Shaheen 1985, p. 160.
- 29.
List Challenges 2014.
- 30.
Merriam-Webster 2015.
- 31.
Dyre 2014.
- 32.
McGonigal 2011, p. 38.
- 33.
McGonigal 2011, pp. 37–8.
- 34.
Ellemers et al. 2002, p. 180.
- 35.
Ipsos 2008.
- 36.
For an example of a source which discusses the discovery of oil in Alaska and its implications for how people viewed the Arctic in the late 1960s, see Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 171.
- 37.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 171.
- 38.
Matthews 2011.
- 39.
Smith 1970, pp. 12–13.
- 40.
Tynan 1979, p. 414.
- 41.
Head 1970a.
- 42.
Jervis 2006, p. 644.
- 43.
Ellemers et al. 2002, p. 165.
- 44.
Time: The Weekly Newsmagazine 1970.
- 45.
Head 1970b.
- 46.
Matthews 2011.
- 47.
House of Commons 1973, p. 32.
- 48.
Interview with an engineering professor and former industry employee, 1 October 2012.
- 49.
Berger 1988, p. 1.
- 50.
Berger 1988, p. 3.
- 51.
Berger 1988, p. 22.
- 52.
Putnam 1988, p. 445.
- 53.
Alia 2007, p. 123.
- 54.
Alfred 2009, p. 42.
- 55.
Berger 1988, p. 2.
- 56.
e.g. Dodds 2010, p. 72.
- 57.
Financial Post 2011.
- 58.
Arctic Council Shipping Assessment 2009, p. 5.
- 59.
Evans 2012.
- 60.
Huebert et al. 2012, p. 1.
- 61.
Huebert 2013.
- 62.
Canada 2013, p. 19.
- 63.
The Star 2014.
- 64.
Lewis 2013.
- 65.
Weber 2014.
- 66.
e.g. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada 2013.
- 67.
Becker 1993, p. 386.
- 68.
Bondaroff and Burke 2014, p. 7.
- 69.
Global Voices 2013.
- 70.
Becker 1993, p. 386.
- 71.
Bondaroff and Burke 2014, p. 13.
- 72.
Bondaroff and Burke 2014, p. 13.
- 73.
Beye 2013.
- 74.
Bondaroff and Burke 2014.
- 75.
Interview with a Dew Lines Clean-Up Expert, 6 November 2012.
- 76.
Depledge 2015.
- 77.
George 2013.
- 78.
Plecash 2014.
- 79.
Koring 2013.
- 80.
Koring 2013.
- 81.
Canada 2010, p. 10.
- 82.
The Globe and Mail 2014.
- 83.
The Globe and Mail 2014.
- 84.
Brilliant Earth 2014.
- 85.
Northwest Territories: Industry, Tourism and Investment n.d.
- 86.
Perron 2009.
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Burke, D.C. (2018). Chapter 2: Riches in the Wilderness. In: International Disputes and Cultural Ideas in the Canadian Arctic. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61917-0_3
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