Abstract
High-speed photography was applied to investigate the explosive behavior of bubble-containing systems of the type organic solvent—gaseous oxidizing agent. Knowledge about the explosive behavior of such systems is of great importance, for example, for the safe operation of chemical reactors in oxidation processes in the liquid phase. Examples of the complex dynamical reaction of bubbles are elucidated where bubble-containing liquids were subjected to the impact of shockwaves. The different stages of the shock-induced explosive behavior of oxygen and oxygen plus inert gas bubbles were studied experimentally and theoretically mainly in liquid cyclohexane . Other solvents, such as cumene and 2-ethylhexanal, have been found to show that shock-induced bubble explosions can occur even if the gas phase of the bubble is not in the explosive range before impact. The influence of different parameters on the bubble explosion process, such as the composition of the bubbles and the initial pressure, was investigated. Limiting conditions for bubble explosions were determined. In addition to the behavior of individual bubbles, the interaction of exploding bubbles with one another was observed, which provides information on the propagation mechanism of self-sustaining bubble-detonation waves. The results are important for the safety assessment of the explosion risks in corresponding two-phase systems.
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421713_1_En_14_MOESM1_ESM.avi
Shock wave impact onto bubbly liquid. Capture speed: 500,000 fps. A shock wave generated by a detonation in a gaseous mixture of acetylene and oxygen impacts onto the surface of liquid cyclohexane. The shock wave is reflected to the gas phase and generates a shock wave in the liquid. The bubbles in the liquid are compressed and emit spherical shock waves. Shock waves were visualized by diffuse light illuminating a window opposite to the observation window (MP4 102 kb)
421713_1_En_14_MOESM2_ESM.avi
Shock induced explosions of bubbles in a column. Capture speed: 500,000 fps An initial shock wave propagates through a column of bubbles in liquid cyclohexane. The bubbles are composed of oxygen and vapor of cyclohexane. They are compressed and explode after the passage of the shock wave. Exploding bubbles emit flashes. The position of the bubbles is visualized by diffuse light illuminating a window opposite to the observation window (MP4 73 kb)
421713_1_En_14_MOESM3_ESM.avi
Dynamics of shock induced bubble explosions. Capture speed: 1,000,000 fps An initial shock wave propagates through liquid cyclohexane containing bubbles that are composed of oxygen and vapor of cyclohexane. The bubbles pass through different stages such as compression, jet formation, explosion with emission of flashes and spherical shock waves, and expansion. Shock waves are visualized by diffuse light illuminating a window opposite to the observation window (MP4 169 kb)
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Hieronymus, H. (2018). Single Bubble Ignition After Shock Wave Impact. In: Tsuji, K. (eds) The Micro-World Observed by Ultra High-Speed Cameras. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61491-5_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61491-5_14
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