Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibody Encephalitis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System and Their Mimics

  • 796 Accesses

Abstract

Autoantibodies to the NMDA receptor have recently been described as a cause of encephalitis in children. Clinical presentation and radiological findings may resemble those of demyelinating disorders and create challenges for early recognition by providers. Here we discuss the features of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis including what is currently understood about disease pathogenesis and treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gable MS, Sheriff H, Dalmau J, Tilley DH, Glaser CA. The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(7):899–904.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, Armangue T, Glaser C, Iizuka T, Honig LS, Benseler SM, Kawachi I, Martinez-Hernandez E, et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(2):157–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Stocco A, Muscal E, Jankovic J. The spectrum of movement disorders in children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Mov Disord. 2013;28(4):543–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, Hirsch LJ, Dalmau J, Friedman D. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology. 2012;79(11):1094–100.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Sands TT, Nash K, Tong S, Sullivan J. Focal seizures in children with anti-NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis. Epilepsy Res. 2015;112:31–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Titulaer MJ, Hoftberger R, Iizuka T, Leypoldt F, McCracken L, Cellucci T, Benson LA, Shu H, Irioka T, Hirano M, et al. Overlapping demyelinating syndromes and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(3):411–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Lucchinetti CF, Mandler RN, McGavern D, Bruck W, Gleich G, Ransohoff RM, Trebst C, Weinshenker B, Wingerchuk D, Parisi JE, Lassmann H. A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic’s neuromyelitis optica. Brain. 2002;125(Pt 7):1450–61.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Moscato EH, Peng X, Jain A, Parsons TD, Dalmau J, Balice-Gordon RJ. Acute mechanisms underlying antibody effects in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Ann Neurol. 2014;76(1):108–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Gresa-Arribas N, Titulaer MJ, Torrents A, Aguilar E, McCracken L, Leypoldt F, Gleichman AJ, Balice-Gordon R, Rosenfeld MR, Lynch D, et al. Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(2):167–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Child Neurology, Columbia University Herbert and Florence Irving Medical Center, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion 5, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Tristan T. Sands M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Waterbury Neurology, 1625 Straits Turnpike, Suite 307, Middlebury, CT, 06762, USA

    Katherine Kedzierski M.D.

  3. Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, 333 Cedar Street, LMP 3088, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA

    Naila Makhani M.D., M.P.H.

Authors
  1. Tristan T. Sands M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katherine Kedzierski M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Naila Makhani M.D., M.P.H.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tristan T. Sands M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Neurology and Pediatrics, Regional Pediatric MS Clinic at UCSF, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Emmanuelle Waubant

  2. Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Timothy E. Lotze

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sands, T.T., Kedzierski, K., Makhani, N. (2017). Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibody Encephalitis. In: Waubant, E., Lotze, T. (eds) Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System and Their Mimics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61407-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61407-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61405-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61407-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation