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Infection Prevention pp 35–53Cite as

Infection Control in the Outpatient Setting

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Abstract

As healthcare continues to evolve, economic forces and technological advancements have facilitated the transition of healthcare delivery from acute care hospitals to a myriad of different outpatient care settings such as ambulatory surgery centers, physician offices, dialysis centers, home care, and other specialized settings (Friedman C, Barnette M, Buck AS et al, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20(10):695–705. doi:10.1086/501569, 1999). The number of outpatient visits and procedures continues to rise, with 929 million physician office visits occurring in the United States in 2012, or 301 visits per 100 persons (Ashman J, Hing E, Talwalkar A, NCHS data brief: variation in physician office visit rates by patient characteristics and state, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db212.htm. Updated 2015. Accessed 01/14, 2016). Surgical procedures occurring in ambulatory surgical centers rose threefold between 1999 and 2005 and now represent 75% of all surgical procedures performed (Barie PS, JAMA 303(22):2295–2297. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.760, 2010). Outpatient oncologic care is also significant, with an estimated 1.1 million cancer patients per year receiving outpatient chemotherapy or radiation (Halpern MT, Yabroff KR, Cancer Investig 26(6):647–651. doi:10.1080/07357900801905519, 2008). Approximately 500,000 patients per year receive infusion therapy for maintenance hemodialysis, nutritional support, home intravenous antimicrobial therapy, or cancer chemotherapy in the outpatient setting (Williams DN, Rehm SJ, Tice AD, Bradley JS, Kind AC, Craig WA, Clin Infect Dis 25(4):787–801, 1997). While healthcare in the outpatient setting is on the rise, the overall number of inpatient hospital admissions is decreasing (35,522,000 in 2008 to 34,217,000 in 2012) (American Hospital Association. Fast facts on US hospitals. http://www.aha.org/research/rc/stat-studies/fast-facts.shtml. Updated 2015. Accessed 01/14, 2016. n.d.). These pivotal trends provide a major impetus to develop sound infection control processes and practices in the outpatient setting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, VMI Building, 2nd Floor, Suite 205, 1000 E. Marshall Street, PO Box 980049, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA

    John Daniel Markley

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA

    Michael P. Stevens

  3. Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA

    Michael P. Stevens

Authors
  1. John Daniel Markley
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  2. Michael P. Stevens
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Correspondence to John Daniel Markley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. VCUHS Epidemiology and Infection Control, North Hospital, Richmond, Virginia, USA

    Gonzalo Bearman

  2. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Silvia Munoz-Price

  3. University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Daniel J. Morgan

  4. Department of Medical Affairs and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Rekha K. Murthy

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Markley, J.D., Stevens, M.P. (2018). Infection Control in the Outpatient Setting. In: Bearman, G., Munoz-Price, S., Morgan, D., Murthy, R. (eds) Infection Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60980-5_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60980-5_6

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