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Antimicrobial Textiles and Infection Prevention: Clothing and the Inanimate Environment

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Infection Prevention

Abstract

Textiles are ubiquitous and an essential part of human society. Within the hospital environment, textiles have many functions, such as the clothing worn by patients and healthcare workers, the towels and cloths used to contain and mop up fluids, drapes used to isolate and maintain sterility during surgery, furnishings such as upholstered chairs as well as curtains, carpets and also bedding. As part of the inanimate environment, textiles could act as a potential source of infection (Borkow G, Gabbay J. Med Hypotheses 70(5):990–994, 2008; Wiener-Well Y et al Am J Infect Control 39(7):555–559, 2011). This is because microorganisms can be transferred from an infected patient, a healthcare worker or some environmental source and persist within the textile then to be transferred to a susceptible individual. Frequent and effective laundering is the most common and most effective strategy for reducing microbial burden on textiles (Fijan S, Turk SS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 9(9):3330–3343, 2012). However, not all textiles in the hospital setting are frequently laundered (e.g. privacy curtains) or easily laundered (e.g. upholstery on chairs). As well, within a typical work shift (8–12 h) the microbial load on a healthcare workers’ clothing could become significant (Burden M et al J Hosp Med 6(4):177–182, 2011), and thus the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms may be possible. A possible solution to the problem of relying solely on cleaning involves integrating biocidal textiles into the hospital environment in order to reduce the microbial burden to levels low enough to reduce the rate of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) (Borkow G, Gabbay J. Med Hypotheses 70(5):990–994, 2008). The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature pertaining to contamination of hospital textiles by potentially pathogenic microorganisms and the related transmission of HAIs, describe the antimicrobials agents incorporated in textiles, describe the in vitro standard test methods used to assess antimicrobial efficacy and evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial-treated textiles in the hospital environment.

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  1. Department of Human Ecology, University of Alberta, 116th Street and 89th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N1, Canada

    Rachel H. McQueen & Briana Ehnes

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  1. Rachel H. McQueen
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Correspondence to Rachel H. McQueen .

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  1. VCUHS Epidemiology and Infection Control, North Hospital, Richmond, Virginia, USA

    Gonzalo Bearman

  2. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Silvia Munoz-Price

  3. University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Daniel J. Morgan

  4. Department of Medical Affairs and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Rekha K. Murthy

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McQueen, R.H., Ehnes, B. (2018). Antimicrobial Textiles and Infection Prevention: Clothing and the Inanimate Environment. In: Bearman, G., Munoz-Price, S., Morgan, D., Murthy, R. (eds) Infection Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60980-5_13

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