Abstract
Acknowledging the SHELL human factors model, authors examine interfaces among components and assess problems created when the model is aligned with modern digitized flight deck systems. Complacency and over-reliance on automated systems are evaluated, and cognitive load and potential for degraded situational awareness are examined. Authors present a SHELL overlay demonstrating where particular digitized functions and operations present challenges to operators and markedly influence effective SHELL interactions in highly complex flight deck systems. Human factors contributing to the Asiana Flight 214 accident are examined and correlates identified with the SHELL analysis. Implications for advanced crew resource management are presented, and human centered system training applications are proposed for addressing the workload challenges. Implications for working and prospective memory functions are examined, along with accompanying biases. Potential for adaptive automation technology concludes the SHELL overlay analysis with potential for reducing cognitive overload in the digitized flight deck environment.
Keywords
- SHELL
- Digitized flight deck
- Human factors
- Working memory
- Crew resource management
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
References
Hawkins, F.H.: Human Factors in Flight, 2nd edn. Ashgate, Aldershot (1987)
Miller, M.D.: Aviation human factors: the SHELL model 2017 and computer/ human factors analysis. In: Presentation to FAA Aviation Safety Conference, Honolulu (2016)
Seamster, T., Boehm-Davis, D., Holt, R., Shulz, K.: Developing advanced crew resource management (ACRM) raining: a training manual. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors, AAR-100 (1998)
National Transportation Safety Board.: Descent Below Visual Glide Path and Impact with Seawall Asiana Flight 214 NTSB/AAR-14/01 (2013)
Wagemans, J., Elder, J.H., Kubovy, M., Plamer, S.E.: A century of gestalt psychology in visual perception. Psy. Bull. 138(6), 1172–1217 (2012)
Dunbar, M., Helms, S.E., Brodell, R.T.: Reducing cognitive errors in dermatology: can anything be done? J Am. Acad. Dermatol. 69(5), 810 (2013)
Blokland, A.: Acetylcholine: a neurotransmitter for learning and memory? Brain Res. Rev. 21, 285–300 (1996)
Lind-Kyle, P.: Heal Your Mind: Rewire Your Brain. Energy Psychology Press, Santa Rosa (2010)
Gevins, A., Smith, M.E., Leong, H., McEvoy, L., Whitfield, S., Du, R., Rush, G.: Monitoring working memory load during computer-based tasks with EEG pattern recognition methods. Hum. Factors 40(1), 79–91 (1998)
Bowers, M.A., Christensen, J.C., Eggemeier, F.T.: The effects of workload transitions in a multitasking environment. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58th Annual Meeting, pp. 220–224 (2014)
Johns, M., Inzlicht, M., Schmader, T.: Stereotype threat and executive resource depletion. J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen. 137(4), 691–705 (2008)
Aghajan Z., Acharya, L., Moore, J., Cushman, J., Vuong, C., and Mehta, M.: Impaired spatial selectivity and intact phase precession in two-dimensional virtual reality. Nat. Neurosci. (2014)
Ungar, M.: The social ecology of resilience: addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 81(1), 1–17 (2011)
Chandler, P., Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cogn. Instr. 8(4), 293–332 (1991)
Woods, D.D., Patterson, E.S., Roth, E.M.: Can we ever escape from data overload? A cognitive systems diagnosis. Cogn. Technol. Work 4(1), 22–36 (2001)
Baddeley, A.D.: Working Memory, Thought and Action. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford (2007)
Cottrell, J., Levenson, J., Kim, S., Gibson, H., Richardson, K., Sivula, M., Li, B., Ashford, C., Heindl, K., Babcock, R., Rose, D., Hempel, C., Wiig, K., Laeng, P., Levin, M., Ryan, T., Gerber, D.: Working memory impairment in calcineurin knock-out mice is associated with alterations in synaptic vesicle cycling and disruption of high-frequency synaptic and network activity in prefrontal cortex. Science 33(27), 10938–10949 (2013)
Arden, J.: Rewire Your Brain. Wiley, Hoboken (2010)
Rudisill, M.: Line Pilots’ attitudes about and experience with flight deck automation. In: Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Ohio State University Press, Columbus (1995)
Clough, B.: Unmanned aerial vehicles: autonomous control challenges, a researcher’s perspective. J Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. 2, 327–347 (2005)
Dash, P.K., Moore, A.N., Kobori, N., Runyan, J.D.: Molecular activity underlying working memory. Learn. Mem. 14, 554–563 (2007)
Huttunen, K., Keranen, H., Vayrynen, E., Paakkonen, R., Leino, T.: Effect of cognitive load on speech prosody in aviation. Appl. Ergon. 42(2), 348–357 (2011)
Endsley, M.: Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings. J Cogn. Eng. Decis. Making 9(1), 4–32 (2015)
Pruchnicki, S.A.: Increasing general aviation safety through data analysis. In: Conference on Proceedings of the Aviation, Aeronautics, Aerospace International Research Conference (2016)
Hutchins, E., Holder, B., Hayward, M.: Pilot attitudes toward automation. Collected Papers, Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Miller, M., Holley, S. (2018). SHELL Revisited: Cognitive Loading and Effects of Digitized Flight Deck Automation. In: Baldwin, C. (eds) Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering. AHFE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 586. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60642-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60642-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60641-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60642-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)