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Lichter H, Stulting R, Waring G III, Russell G, Carr J. Buttonholes during LASIK: etiology and outcome. J Refract Surg. 2007;23(5):472–6.
Jain V, Mhatre K, Shome D. Flap buttonhole in thin-flap laser in situ keratomileusis: case series and review. Cornea. 2010;29(6):655–8.
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Further Reading
Ambrosio R Jr, Wilson SE. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis: etiology, prevention, and treatment. J Refract Surg. 2001;17:350–79.
Gimbel HV, Basti S, Kaye GB, Ferensowicz M. Experience during the learning curve of laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1996;22:542–50.
Gimbel HV, Penno EE, van Westenbrugge JA, Ferensowicz M, Furlong MT. Incidence and management of intraoperative and early postoperative complications in 1000 consecutive laser in situ keratomileusis cases. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(10):1839–47.
Grupcheva CN, Malik TY, Craig JP, McGhee CNJ. In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal epithelial ingrowth through a laser in situ keratomileusis flap buttonhole. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1318–22.
Iskander NG, Timothy Peters N, Penno EA, Gimbel HV. Postoperative complications in laser in situ keratomileusis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2000;11:273–9.
Jacobs JM, Taravella MJ. Incidence of intraoperative flap complications in laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:23–8.
Jain V, Mhatre K, Shome D. Flap buttonhole in thin-flap laser insitu keratomileusis: case series and review. Cornea. 2010;29(6):655–8.
Kymionis G, Portaliou D, Karavitaki A, Krasia M, Kontadakis G, Stratos A, Yoo S. LASIK flap buttonhole treated immediately by PRK with mitomycin C. J Refract Surg. 2010;26:225–8.
Lam DSC, Leung ATS, Wu JT, Cheng ACK, Fan DSP, Rao SK, Talamo JH, Carmen Barraquer C. Management of severe flap wrinkling or dislodgement after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:1441–7.
Lam DSC, Cheng ACK, Leung ATS. Letter to the editor. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(8):1455–6.
Leung ATS, Rao SK, Cheng ACK, Yu EWY, Fan DSP, Lam DSC. Pathogenesis and management of laser in situ keratomileusis flap buttonhole. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:358–62.
Lichter H, Stulting R, Waring G III, Russell G, Carr J. Buttonholes during LASIK: etiology and outcome. J Refract Surg. 2007;23(5):472–6.
Marinho A, Pinto MC, Pinto R, et al. LASIK for high myopia. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1996;27(suppl):S517–20. Bas AM, Onnis R. Excimer laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia. J Refract Surg 1995; 11(suppl): S229
Melki SA, Azar DT. LASIK complications: etiology, management, and prevention. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;46(2):95–116.
Penno EA, Kaye G, Van Westenbrugge J, Gimbel HV. Letter to the editor. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(8):1456–7.
Review of MAUDE database reports on buttonhole flaps for period 1992–2006.
Rocha K, Kagan R, Smith S, Krueger R. Thresholds for interface haze formation after thin-flap femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;147(6):966–72.
Stulting RD, Carr JD, Thompson KP, Waring GO III, Wiley WM, Walker JG. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(1):13–20.
Tham VM, Maloney RK. Microkeratome complications of laser in situ Keratomileusis. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(5):920–4.
Updegraff SA, Kritzinger MS. Laser in situ keratomileusis technique. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2000;11:267–72.
Wilson SE. LASIK: management of common complications. Cornea. 1998;17(5):459–67.
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Walton, O.B., Slade, S.G. (2018). Thin, Irregular, Buttonhole Flaps. In: Alio, J., Azar, D. (eds) Management of Complications in Refractive Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60561-6_3
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