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Maternal Taurine Supplementation Prevents Misprogramming

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Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Taurine (Tau) is a sulfur containing amino acid that has multiple cellular and molecular functions mainly associated with the conjugation of bile acids, cellular osmoregulation, energy storage, absorption of intestinal fat, glucose metabolism, anti-oxidation, neurotransmission and cytoprotective effects during cell development and survival. It is synthesized from ingested methionine and cysteine in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT).

Maternal Tau deficiency either by dietary insufficiency (protein restriction) or by maternal diabetes affects fetal development altering the endocrine pancreas of the offspring. These changes during fetal and neonatal life, increases the risks of developing diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Taurine supplementation to deficient diets or to diabetic mothers during different windows of fetal and neonatal development restores β-cell mass, insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance in adulthood.

Extrapolating results from animal studies to humans gave controversial results as Tau administration did not fully restored glucose intolerance or reduced obesity. More studies are needed to understand the putative benefits of Tau administration to adult patients with diabetes and/or obesity.

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Abbreviations

α:

Alpha cells

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

Akt:

Protein kinase B

β:

Beta cells

BMI:

Body mass index

[Ca2+] i:

Intracellular Ca 2+ concentration

CDO:

Cysteine dioxygenase

CHOL:

Cholesterol

C57 Bl/6J:

Black inbred laboratory mice

C-peptide:

Connecting peptide (A and B insulin chain)

C:

Control

CYP7A1:

Cholesterol-7-hydrolase

δ:

Delta cells

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

Flk-1:

Receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor

HbA1C:

Glycosylated hemoglobin

HF:

High Fat

HOMA:

Homeostatic model of assessment index

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth restriction

IGF-II:

Insulin-like growth factor-II

IR:

Insulin receptor

KKAy mice:

Genetically obese diabetic mice

LP:

Low protein

LP1:

Low protein diet during gestation and lactation

LP2:

Low protein diet all life

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

NOD:

Non-obese diabetic

OLEFT:

Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats

Pdx-1:

Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

pp.:

Pancreatic polypeptide

PPAR-α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

PPAR-ϒ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

RIA:

Radioimmunoassay

SST:

Somatostatin

STB:

Syncytiotrophoblast

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TAU:

Taurine

TauT:

Taurine transporters

TG:

Triglycerides

UCP:

Uncoupling protein 2

VLDL:

Very low density lipoprotein

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute & the Children Health Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 4V2

    Edith Arany MD, PhD

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Correspondence to Edith Arany MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Department of Nutrition, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Arany, E. (2017). Maternal Taurine Supplementation Prevents Misprogramming. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60289-9_23

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