Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming pp 159-170 | Cite as
Trends in Obesity and Implications for the Fetus
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic. The high prevalence of obesity and the projected increasing trend have adverse implications for pregnant women including thromboembolic complications, gestational diabetes, hypertension, cesarean section, maternal hemorrhage, and infection. Maternal obesity has a measureable impact on infant and future adult health. Offspring are at increased risk for spontaneous miscarriage, fetal malformations, fetal macrosomia, stillbirth, and preterm delivery. This review focuses on the trends in maternal obesity and its implications for maternal and fetal health as well as evidence suggesting that the pre-pregnancy and the prenatal period provide a window of opportunity to intervene and curtail the intergenerational cycle of obesity.
Keywords
Obesity epidemic Fetal programming Increased adult disease risk Obesity TrendsAbbreviations
- ACOG
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
- BMI
Body mass index
- HSE
Health Survey for England
- IOM
Institute of Medicine
- PRAMS
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
- WHO
World Health Organization
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