Abstract
In this chapter we shall compare different cardinal numbers in Zermelo–Fraenkel Set Theory, which is Set Theory without the Axiom of Choice. For example, it will be shown that for any infinite set A, the cardinality of the set of finite subsets of A is always strictly smaller than the cardinality of the power set of A.
To some it may appear novel that I include the fourth among the consonances, because practicing musicians have until now relegated it to the dissonances. Hence I must emphasise that the fourth is actually not a dissonance but a consonance.
Gioseffo Zarlino
Le Istitutioni Harmoniche, 1558
References
Heinz Bachmann, Transfinite Zahlen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin ⋅ Heidelberg, 1967.
Felix Bernstein, Untersuchungen aus der Mengelehre, Dissertation (1901), University of Göttingen (Germany).
——, Untersuchungen aus der Mengelehre, Mathematische Annalen, vol. 61 (1905), 117–155.
Georg Cantor, Beiträge zur Begründung der transfiniten Mengenlehre. I./II., Mathematische Annalen, vol. 46/49 (1895/1897), 481–512/207–246 (see [5] for a translation into English).
——, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers, (translation into English of [4]), [translated, and provided with an introduction and notes, by Philip E. B. Jourdain], Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago and London, 1915 [reprint: Dover Publications, New York, 1952].
——, Gesammelte Abhandlungen mathematischen und philosophischen Inhalts, Mit Erläuternden Anmerkungen sowie mit Ergänzungen aus dem Briefwechsel Cantor-Dedekind, edited by E. Zermelo, Julius Springer, Berlin, 1932.
Alonzo Church, Alternatives to Zermelo’s assumption, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 29 (1927), 178–208.
Richard Dedekind, Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen, Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1888 (see also [9, pp. 335–390]).
——, Gesammelte mathematische Werke III, edited by R. Fricke, E. Noether, and Ö. Ore, Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1932.
Georg Faber, Über die Abzählbarkeit der rationalen Zahlen, Mathematische Annalen, vol. 60 (1905), 196–203.
Thomas E. Forster, Finite-to-one maps, The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 68 (2003), 1251–1253.
Abraham A. Fraenkel, Abstract Set Theory, [Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics], North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1961.
Reuben L. Goodstein, On the restricted ordinal theorem, The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 9 (1944), 33–41.
Lorenz Halbeisen, Vergleiche zwischen unendlichen Kardinalzahlen in einer Mengenlehre ohne Auswahlaxiom, Diplomarbeit (1990), University of Zürich (Switzerland).
——, A number-theoretic conjecture and its implication for set theory, Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae, vol. 74 (2005), 243–254.
Lorenz Halbeisen and Norbert Hungerbühler, Number theoretic aspects of a combinatorial function, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics, vol. 5 (1999), 138–150.
Lorenz Halbeisen and Saharon Shelah, Consequences of arithmetic for set theory, The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 59 (1994), 30–40.
——, Relations between some cardinals in the absence of the axiom of choice, The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, vol. 7 (2001), 237–261.
Lauri Kirby and Jeff B. Paris, Accessible independence results for Peano arithmetic, Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 14 (1982), 285–293.
Djuro (George) Kurepa, On a characteristic property of finite sets, Pacific Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2 (1952), 323–326.
Hans Läuchli, Ein Beitrag zur Kardinalzahlarithmetik ohne Auswahlaxiom, Zeitschrift für mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik, vol. 7 (1961), 141–145.
Henri Lebesgue, Sur les fonctions représentables analytiquement, Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (6ème série), vol. 1 (1905), 139–216.
Azriel Lévy, The independence of various definitions of finiteness, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 46 (1958), 1–13.
Adolf Lindenbaum and Alfred Tarski, Communication sur les recherches de la théorie des ensembles, Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Varsovie, Classe III, vol. 19 (1926), 299–330.
John von Neumann, Die Axiomatisierung der Mengenlehre, Mathematische Zeitschrift, vol. 27 (1928), 669–752.
Jeff B. Paris, Combinatorial statements independent of arithmetic, in Mathematics of Ramsey Theory (J. Nešetřil and V. Rödl, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, pp. 232–245.
Ernst Schröder, Über zwei Definitionen der Endlichkeit und G. Cantor’sche Sätze, Nova Acta, Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich Leopoldinisch-Carolinisch Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, vol. 71 (1898), 301–362.
Wacław Sierpiński, Sur l’égalité 2 \(\mathfrak{m} =\) 2 \(\mathfrak{n}\) pour les nombres cardinaux, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 3 (1922), 1–6.
——, Sur une décomposition effective d’ensembles, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 29 (1937), 1–4.
——, Sur l’implication \((2\mathfrak{m} \leq 2\mathfrak{n}) \rightarrow (\mathfrak{m} \leq \mathfrak{n})\) pour les nombres cardinaux, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 34 (1946), 148–154.
——, Sur la division des types ordinaux, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 35 (1948), 1–12.
——, Sur les types d’ordre des ensembles linéaires, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 37 (1950), 253–264.
——, Sur un type ordinal dénombrable qui a une infinite indénombrable de divisenrs gauches, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 37 (1950), 206–208.
——, Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 1958.
Ernst Specker, Verallgemeinerte Kontinuumshypothese und Auswahlaxiom, Archiv der Mathematik, vol. 5 (1954), 332–337.
——, Zur Axiomatik der Mengenlehre (Fundierungs- und Auswahlaxiom), Zeitschrift für mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik, vol. 3 (1957), 173–210.
Ladislav Spišiak and Peter Vojtáš, Dependences between definitions of finiteness, Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, vol. 38(113) (1988), 389–397.
Alfred Tarski, Sur les ensembles finis, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 6 (1924), 45–95.
——, Cancellation laws in the arithmetic of cardinals, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 36 (1949), 77–92.
John K. Truss, Dualisation of a result of Specker’s, Journal of the London Mathematical Society (2), vol. 6 (1973), 286–288.
——, Classes of Dedekind finite cardinals, Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 84 (1974), 187–208.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Halbeisen, L.J. (2017). Cardinal Relations in ZF Only. In: Combinatorial Set Theory. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60231-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60231-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60230-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60231-8
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)