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Neurotoxicity of Metals pp 183–197Cite as

Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease

Part of the Advances in Neurobiology book series (NEUROBIOL,volume 18)

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) is one of the most extended metals in the Earth’s crust. Its abundance, together with the widespread use by humans, makes Al-related toxicity particularly relevant for human health.

Despite some factors influence individual bioavailability to this metal after oral, dermal, or inhalation exposures, humans are considered to be protected against Al toxicity because of its low absorption and efficient renal excretion. However, several factors can modify Al absorption and distribution through the body, which may in turn progressively contribute to the development of silent chronic exposures that may lately trigger undesirable consequences to health. For instance, Al has been recurrently shown to cause encephalopathy, anemia, and bone disease in dialyzed patients. On the other hand, it remains controversial whether low doses of this metal may contribute to developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), probably because of the multifactorial and highly variable presentation of the disease.

This chapter primarily focuses on two key aspects related to Al neurotoxicity and AD, which are metabolic impairment and iron (Fe) alterations. We discuss sex and genetic differences as a plausible source of bias to assess risk assessment in human populations.

Keywords

  • Neurodegeneration
  • Aluminum
  • Transferrin (Tf)
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Sex differences
  • Glucose homeostasis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain

    Maria Teresa Colomina & Fiona Peris-Sampedro

  2. Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain

    Maria Teresa Colomina & Fiona Peris-Sampedro

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  1. Maria Teresa Colomina
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Correspondence to Maria Teresa Colomina .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

    Michael Aschner

  2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Lucio G. Costa

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Colomina, M.T., Peris-Sampedro, F. (2017). Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Aschner, M., Costa, L. (eds) Neurotoxicity of Metals. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9

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