Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ecological Informatics

Abstract

This chapter introduces quality assurance processes and procedures that are employed to prevent data contamination from occurring and, secondly, quality control processes and procedures that are used to identify and deal with errors after they have been introduced. In addition, QA/QC activities are described that can be implemented throughout the entire data life cycle from data acquisition through analysis and preservation and general rules of thumb for promoting data quality are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allison T, Cicchetti DV (1976) Sleep in mammals: ecological and constitutional correlates. Science 194:732–734

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Public Health Association (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson TW, Darling DA (1954) A test of goodness-of-fit. J Am Stat Assoc 49:765–769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barseghian D, Altintas I, Jones MB et al (2010) Workflows and extensions to the Kepler scientific workflow system to support environmental sensor data access and analysis. Ecol Inf 5:42–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunt JW (2000) Data management principles, implementation and administration. In: Michener WK, Brunt JW (eds) Ecological data. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp 25–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell JL, Rustad LE, Porter JH et al (2013) Quantity is nothing without quality: automated QA/QC for streaming environmental sensor data. BioSci 63:574–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins SL, Bettencourt LMA, Hagberg A et al (2006) New opportunities in ecological sensing using wireless sensor networks. Front Ecol Environ 4:402–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[402:NOIESU]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conover WJ (1980) Practical nonparametric statistics. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Conover WJ (1999) Practical nonparametric statistics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook RB, Wei Y, Hook LA et al (2017) Preserve: protecting data for long-term use, Chapter 6. In: Recknagel F, Michener W (eds) Ecological informatics. Data management and knowledge discovery. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Durre I, Menne MJ, Gleason BE et al (2010) Comprehensive automated quality assurance of daily surface observations. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 49:1615–1633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards D (2000) Data quality assurance. In: Michener WK, Brunt JW (eds) Ecological data. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp 70–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganesan D, Cerpa A, Ye W et al (2004) Networking issues in wireless sensor networks. J Parallel Distrib Comp 64:799–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardener M (2012) Statistics for ecologists using R and Excel. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter

    Google Scholar 

  • Gotelli NJ, Ellison AM (2013) A primer of ecological statistics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Grubbs F (1969) Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples. Technometrics 11:1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubbs FE, Beck G (1972) Extension of sample sizes and percentage points for significance tests of outlying observations. Technometrics 14:847–854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsburgh JS, Jones AS, Stevens DK, Tarboton DG, Mesner NO (2010) A sensor network for high frequency estimation of water quality constituent fluxes using surrogates. Env Mod Software 25:1031–1044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton NJ, Kleinman K (2011) Using R for data management, statistical analysis, and graphics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  • Inselberg A (1985) The plane with parallel coordinates. Vis Comput 1:69–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inselberg A (1997) Multidimensional detective. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE symposium on information visualization, pp 100–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener WK (2017a) Project data management planning, Chapter 2. In: Recknagel F, Michener W (eds) Ecological informatics. Data management and knowledge discovery. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener WK (2017b) Creating and managing metadata, Chapter 5. In: Recknagel F, Michener W (eds) Ecological informatics. Data management and knowledge discovery. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener WK, Brunt JW, Helly J et al (1997) Nongeospatial metadata for the ecological sciences. Ecol Appl 7:330–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery DC (2008) Introduction to statistical quality control, 6th edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson L (1984) The Shewhart control chart – tests for special causes. J Qual Technol 15:237–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson L (1985) Interpreting Shewhart x control charts. J Qual Technol 17:114–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrick Center for Environmental Research (2002) Protocols for the analysis of algal samples collected as part of the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter JH (2017) Scientific databases for environmental research, Chapter 3. In: Recknagel F, Michener W (eds) Ecological informatics. Data management and knowledge discovery. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Razali NM, Wah YB (2011) Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests. J Stat Model Analytics 2:21–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Rousseuw PJ, Leroy AM (1987) Robust regression and outlier detection. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute Inc. (2013a) JMP® 11 Essential graphing. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute Inc. (2013b) JMP® 11 Basic analysis. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute Inc. (2013c) JMP® 11 Quality and process methods. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC

    Google Scholar 

  • Schildhauer M (2017) Data integration: principles and practice, Chapter 8. In: Recknagel F, Michener W (eds) Ecological informatics. Data management and knowledge discovery. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Shafer MA, Fiebrich CA, Arndt DS et al (2000) Quality assurance procedures in the Oklahoma Mesonetwork. J Atmos Ocean Technol 17:474–494. doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0474:QAPITO>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro SS, Wilk MB (1965) An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52:591–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suri A, Iyengar S, Cho E (2006) Ecoinformatics using wireless sensor networks: an overview. Ecol Inf 1:287–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wegman EJ (1990) Hyperdimensional data analysis using parallel coordinates. J Am Stat Assoc 85:664–675

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    William K. Michener

Authors
  1. William K. Michener
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to William K. Michener .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Friedrich Recknagel

  2. College of University Libraries, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    William K. Michener

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Michener, W.K. (2018). Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC). In: Recknagel, F., Michener, W. (eds) Ecological Informatics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59928-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation