Abstract
A number of epigenetic alterations occur during carcinogenesis, and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is a major determinant of cancer development. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, histone modification, DNA methylation are major epigenetic alteration in cancers. These alterations may cause a change in gene expression in cells as well as in secretory factors, which include proteins and nucleic acid. Aberrant miRNA expression associated with promoter methylation has been found in body fluids such as plasma and serum, and liquid biopsy can therefore be used to identify significant biomarkers in the early detection of cancer. In addition, telomeres are a key regulator of chromosome stability in cancer. Epigenetic modification by histone methylation is associated with the maintenance of telomere length. This maintenance is essential for cancer to maintain an immortal phenotype. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) is also a regulator of epigenetic modification. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic regulation in cancers, including DNA and histone modifications, as well as regulation by non-coding RNAs.
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Kinehara, M., Yamamoto, Y., Shiroma, Y., Ikuo, M., Shimamoto, A., Tahara, H. (2017). DNA and Histone Modifications in Cancer Diagnosis. In: Kaneda, A., Tsukada, Yi. (eds) DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_19
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