Skip to main content

Selection of Concomitant Vaginal Procedures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 498 Accesses

Abstract

Robotic sacrocolpopexy (RASC) is a minimally invasive abdominal apical suspension procedure for women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP); however, there is controversy and a diversity of expert opinions as to the best management of defects in other vaginal compartments at the time of RASC, as the coexistence of multiple defects is common. Some surgeons feel that the apical support of RASC alone is adequate to restore anatomy and resolve prolapse and associated urinary, defecatory, and sexual symptoms. Some advocate a technique of distal anchoring of the sacrocolpopexy mesh to achieve this restoration. Other surgeons routinely perform concomitant vaginal repairs to address anterior and/or posterior compartment prolapse. There are few, if any, comparative studies of these approaches to evaluate success, recurrence, or impact on associated symptomatology. Existing observational evidence of both approaches and impact on outcomes is reviewed. The pelvic floor surgeon may utilize available data as an aid in discussing patient goals of treatment and surgical options for concomitant vaginal procedures, including risks and benefits of various approaches, to reach a shared decision with the patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lane FE. Repair of posthysterectomy vaginal-vault prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 1962;20:72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Benson JT, Lucente V, McClellan E. Vaginal versus abdominal reconstructive surgery for the treatment of pelvic support defects: a prospective randomized study with long-term outcome evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:1418–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Schmid C. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(4):CD004014. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;11:CD004014.

  4. Chesson R, Hallner B. Why complex pelvic organ prolapse should be repaired vaginally. Curr Opin Urol. 2013;23:312–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Fialkow MF, Newton KM, Lentz GM, Weiss NS. Lifetime risk of surgical management for pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19:437–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89:501–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Barber MD, Brubaker L, Nygaard I, Wheeler TL, Schaffer J, Chen Z, et al. Defining success after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:600–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Toozs-Hobson P, Freeman R, Barber M, Maher C, Haylen B, Athanasiou S, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for reporting outcomes of surgical procedures for pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23(5):527–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Elkadry EA, Kenton KS, FitzGerald MP, Shott S, Brubaker L. Patient-selected goals: a new perspective on surgical outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:1551–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Diwadkar GB, Barber MD, Feiner B, Maher C, Jelovsek JE. Complication and reoperation rates after apical vaginal prolapse surgical repair: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:367–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Jia X, Glazener C, Mowatt G, Jenkinson D, Fraser C, Bain C, et al. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of using mesh in surgery for uterine or vaginal vault prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(11):1413–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nygaard IE, McCreery R, Brubaker L, Connolly A, Cundiff G, Weber AM, et al. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy: a comprehensive review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104:805–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. DeLancey JO. Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166:1717–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Maher CF, Qatawneh AM, Dwyer PL, Carey MP, Cornish A, Schluter PJ. Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:20–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Snyder TE, Krantz KE. Abdominal-retroperitoneal sacral colpopexy for the correction of vaginal prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77:944–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cundiff GW, Harris RL, Coates K, Low VHS, Bump RC, Addison WA. Abdominal sacral colpoperineopexy: a new approach for correction of posterior compartment defects and perineal descent associated with vaginal vault prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177:1345–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Freeman RM, Pantazis K, Thomson A, Frappell J, Bombieri L, Moran P, et al. A randomised controlled trial of abdominal versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse: LAS study. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:377–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Paraiso MFR, Jelovsek JE, Frick A, Chen CCG, Barber MD. Laparoscopic compared with robotic sacrocolpopexy for vaginal prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118:1005–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Anger JT, Mueller ER, Tarnay C, Smith B, Stroupe K, Rosenman A, et al. Robotic compared with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:5–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Rooney K, Kenton K, Mueller ER, FitzGerald MP, Brubaker L. Advanced anterior vaginal wall prolapse is highly correlated with apical prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1837–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lowder JL, Park AJ, Ellison R, Ghetti C, Moalli P, Zyczynski H, et al. The role of apical vaginal support in the appearance of anterior and posterior vaginal prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:152–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Brubaker L. Sacrocolpopexy and the anterior compartment: support and function. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173:1690–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Guiahi M, Kenton K, Brubaker L. Sacrocolpopexy without concomitant posterior repair improves posterior compartment defects. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19:1267–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Germain A, Thibault F, Galifet M, Scherrer M-L, Ayav A, Hubert J, et al. Long-term outcomes after totally robotic sacrocolpopexy for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:525–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hach CE, Krude J, Reitz A, Reiter M, Haferkamp A, Buse S. Midterm results of robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26:1321–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Linder BJ, Chow GK, Elliott DS. Long-term quality of life outcomes and retreatment rates after robotic sacrocolpopexy. Int J Urol. 2015;22:1155–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Mueller MG, Jacobs KM, Mueller ER, Abernethy MG, Kenton KS. Outcomes in 450 women after minimally invasive abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2016;22:267–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Culligan PJ, Murphy M, Blackwell L, Hammons G, Graham C, Heit MH. Long-term success of abdominal sacral colpopexy using synthetic mesh. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:1473–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. DeLancey JOL. Structural anatomy of the posterior pelvic compartment as it relates to rectocele. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:815–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Addison WA, Livengood CH, Sutton GP, Parker RT. Abdominal sacral colpopexy with Mersilene mesh in the retroperitoneal position in the management of posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse and enterocele. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;153:140–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Addison WA, Cundiff GW, Bump RC, Harris RL. Sacral colpopexy is the preferred treatment for vaginal vault prolapse. J Gynecol Tech. 1996;2:69–74.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bradley CS, Nygaard IE, Brown MB, Gutman RE, Kenton KS, Whitehead WE, et al. Bowel symptoms in women 1 year after sacrocolpopexy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:642. e1–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Crane AK, Geller EJ, Matthews CA. Outlet constipation 1 year after robotic sacrocolpopexy with and without concomitant posterior repair. South Med J. 2013;106:409–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Aslam MF, Osmundsen B, Edwards SR, Matthews C, Gregory WT. Preoperative prolapse stage as predictor of failure of sacrocolpopexy. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2016;22(3):156–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Matthews CA, Carroll A, Hill A, Ramakrishnan V, Gill EJ. Prospective evaluation of surgical outcomes of robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy and sacrocervicopexy for the management of apical pelvic support defects. South Med J. 2012;105:274–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hudson CO, Northington GM, Lyles RH, Karp DR. Outcomes of robotic sacrocolpopexy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2014;20:252–60.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Pierce CB, Hallock JL, Blomquist JL, Handa VL. Longitudinal changes in pelvic organ support among parous women. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2012;18:227–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Khunda A, Shek KL, Dietz HP. Can ballooning of the levator hiatus be determined clinically? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206:246. e1–4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Fialkow MF, Gardella C, Melville J, Lentz GM, Fenner DE. Posterior vaginal wall defects and their relation to measures of pelvic floor neuromuscular function and posterior compartment symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:1443–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Spence-Jones C, Kamm MA, Henry MM, Hudson CN. Bowel dysfunction: a pathogenic factor in uterovaginal prolapse and urinary stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;101:147–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bradley CS, Brown MB, Cundiff GW, Goode PS, Kenton KS, Nygaard IE, et al. Bowel symptoms in women planning surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1814–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Marinkovic SP, Stanton SL. Triple compartment prolapse: sacrocolpopexy with anterior and posterior mesh extensions. BJOG. 2003;110:323–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Pilsgaard K, Mouritsen L. Follow-up after repair of vaginal vault prolapse with abdominal colposacropexy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999;78:66–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Lewis C, Salamon C, Priestley JL, Gurshumov E, Culligan P. Prospective cohort study of bowel function after robotic sacrocolpopexy. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2014;20:87–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Abramov Y, Gandhi S, Goldberg RP, Botros SM, Kwon C, Sand PK. Site-specific rectocele repair compared with standard posterior colporrhaphy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:314–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR. Sexual function and vaginal anatomy in women before and after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182:1610–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. De La Cruz JF, Myers EM, Geller EJ. Vaginal versus robotic hysterectomy and concomitant pelvic support surgery: a comparison of postoperative vaginal length and sexual function. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014;21:1010–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Baessler K, Schuessler B. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy and anatomy and function of the posterior compartment. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:678–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sullivan ES, Longaker CJ, Lee DPYH. Total pelvic mesh repair. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:857–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Akl MN, Long JB, Giles DL, Cornella JL, Pettit PD, Chen AH, et al. Robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy: technique and learning curve. Surg Endosc. 2009;23:2390–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Nygaard I, Chai TC, Cundiff GW, DeLancey JOL, FitzGerald MP, Heit M, et al. Summary of research recommendations from the inaugural American Urogynecologic Society Research Summit. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2011;17:4–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Dwyer PL. Choice of pelvic organ prolapse surgery: vaginal or abdominal, native tissue or synthetic grafts, open abdominal versus laparoscopic or robotic. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25:1151–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Brubaker L, Shull B. EGGS for patient-centered outcomes. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2005;16(3):171.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Pham T, Kenton K, Mueller E, Brubaker L. New pelvic symptoms are common after reconstructive pelvic surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:88–e1–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Una J. Lee M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Adelstein, S.A., Lee, U.J. (2018). Selection of Concomitant Vaginal Procedures. In: Anger, J., Eilber, K. (eds) The Use of Robotic Technology in Female Pelvic Floor Reconstruction . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59611-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59611-2_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59610-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59611-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics