Abstract
Given a to-be-watermarked 3D model, a transformed domain analysis is needed to guarantee a robust embedding without compromising the visual quality of the result. A multiresolution remeshing of the model allows to represent the 3D surface in a transformed domain suitable for embedding a robust and imperceptible watermark signal. Simplification of polygonal meshes is the basic step for a multiresolution remeshing of a 3D model; this step is needed to obtain the model approximation (coarse version) from which a refinement framework (i.e. 3D wavelet analysis, spectral analysis, …) able to represent the model at multiple resolution levels, can be performed. The simplification algorithm should satisfy some requirements to be used in a watermarking system: the repeatability of the simplification, and the robustness of it to noise or, more generally, to slight modifications of the full resolution mesh. The performance of a number of software packages for mesh simplification, including both commercial and academic offerings, are compared in this survey. We defined a benchmark for testing the different software in the watermarking scenario and reported a comprehensive analysis of the software performances based on the geometric distortions measurement of the simplified versions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dodgson, N.A., Floater, M.S., Sabin, M.A.: Advances in multiresolution for geometric modelling. Springer-Verlag (2005)
Lounsbery, M., DeRose, T.D., Warren, J.: Multiresolution analysis for surfaces of arbitrary topological type. ACM Trans. Graph. 16(1), 34–73 (1997)
Kanai, S., Date, H., Kishinami, T.: Digital watermarking for 3D polygons using multiresolution wavelet decomposition. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geometric Modeling: Fundamentals and Applications 1998, pp. 296–307 (1998)
Uccheddu, F., Corsini, M., Barni, M.: Wavelet-based blind watermarking of 3D models. In: Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop 2004, pp. 143–154 (2004)
Wang, K., Lavouè, G., Denis, F., Baskurt, A.: A comprehensive survey on three-dimensional mesh watermarking. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 10(8), 1513–1527 (2008)
Alface, P.R., Macq, B.: Blind watermarking of 3D meshes using robust feature points detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, vol. 1, pp. 693–696 (2005)
Puggelli, L., Volpe, Y., Giurgola, S.: Analysis of deformations induced by manufacturing processes of fine porcelain whiteware. In: Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing. Springer International Publishing, pp. 1063–1072 (2017)
Furferi, R., Governi, L., Uccheddu, F., Volpe, Y.: A RGB-D based instant body-scanning solution for compact box installation. In: Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing. Springer International Publishing, pp. 387–396 (2017)
Buonamici, F., Carfagni, M., Volpe, Y.: Recent strategies for 3D reconstruction using reverse engineering: a bird’s eye view. In: Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing. Springer International Publishing, pp. 841–850 (2017)
Pelagotti, A., Ferrara, P., Uccheddu, F.: Improving on fast and automatic texture mapping of 3D dense models. In: 2012 18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM). IEEE (2012)
Uccheddu, F., Pelagotti, A., Picchioni, F.: A greedy multiresolution method for quasi automatic texture mapping. In: SPIE Optical Metrology (2011). International Society for Optics and Photonics
Schroeder, W.J., Zarge, J.A., Lorensen, W.E.: Decimation of triangle meshes. ACM Siggraph Comput. Graph. 26(2), 65–70 (1992). ACM
Luebke, D., Hallen, B.: Perceptually driven simplification for interactive rendering. In: Rendering Techniques 2001. Springer Vienna, pp. 223–234 (2001)
Klein, R., Liebich, G., Straßer, W.: Mesh reduction with error control. In: Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Visualization 1996. IEEE Computer Society Press (1996)
Boubekeur, T., Alexa, M.: Mesh simplification by stochastic sampling and topological clustering. Comput. Graph. 33(3), 241–249 (2009)
Hoppe, H.: New quadric metric for simplifying meshes with appearance attributes. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization 1999: Celebrating Ten Years. IEEE Computer Society Press (1999)
Garland, M., Heckbert, P.S.: Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. (1997)
Cignoni, P., Montani, C., Scopigno, R.: A comparison of mesh simplification algorithms. Comput. Graph. 22(1), 37–54 (1998)
Heckbert, P.S., Garland, M.: Survey of polygonal surface simplification algorithms. Siggraph 1997, Course Notes (1997)
Luebke, D.P.: A developer’s survey of polygonal simplification algorithms. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 21(3), 24–35 (2001)
Mocanu, B., Tapu, R., Petrescu, T., Tapu, E.: An experimental evaluation of 3D mesh decimation techniques. In: 2011 10th International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS). IEEE (2011)
Taime, A., Saaidi, A., Satori, K.: Comparative study of mesh simplification algorithms. In: Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Information & Communication Technologies 2015. Springer International Publishing (2016)
Aspert, N., Santa-Cruz, D., Ebrahimi, T.: Mesh: measuring errors between surfaces using the hausdorff distance. In: Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2002, vol. 1. IEEE (2002)
Cignoni, P., Rocchini, C., Scopigno, R.: Metro: measuring error on simplified surfaces. Comput. Graph. Forum 17(2), 167–174 (1998). Blackwell Publishers
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Uccheddu, F., Servi, M., Furferi, R., Governi, L. (2018). Comparison of Mesh Simplification Tools in a 3D Watermarking Framework. In: De Pietro, G., Gallo, L., Howlett, R., Jain, L. (eds) Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services 2017. KES-IIMSS-18 2018. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 76. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59480-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59480-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59479-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59480-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)