Abstract
The latest developments in the computational field have promoted the application of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the study of human health. CFD has become a new tool for in-depth investigations of the human cardiovascular and respiratory system. Therefore, this new technique provides a better understanding of the respiratory airflow, enabling the reproduction of the complex geometries of the breathing airways. In this research, a full extrathoracic model of the human airways is built from TC of an adult healthy subject. Some specific regions, as the oral cavity and the oro-pharynx, has been reconstructed from previous articles. Moreover, the soft palate has been modelled. This tissue is of main importance when considering the study of airflow patterns and the oronasal partitioning. At low ranges of physical activity, the soft palate is in anterior position allowing only nasal breathing. However, when a person begins to realize any activity, their breathing demand increases and the soft palate is displaced to a posterior position widening the oral route. The oronasal airflow partitioning was characterized on this research with five different positions of the soft palate. The breathing pattern obtained was compared with experimental data from other studies. The pressure drop and the velocity contours are analysed, to get a more detailed understanding of the breathing process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Luo, H., Liu, Y., Yang, X.: Particle deposition in obstructed airways. J. Biomech. 40, 3096–3104 (2007)
Inthavong, K., Tu, J., Ye, Y., Ding, S., Subic, A., Thien, F.: Effects of airway obstruction induced by asthma attack on particle deposition. J. Aerosol Sci. 41, 587–601 (2010)
Nie, P., Xu, X.-L., Tang, Y.-M., Wang, X.-L., Xue, X.-C., Wu, Y.-D., Zhu, M.: Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by Muller maneuver. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. 35, 464–468 (2015)
Doorly, D., Taylor, D., Schroter, R.: Mechanics of airflow in the human nasal airways. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 163, 100–110 (2008)
Williams, J.S., Janssen, P.L., Fuller, D.D., Fregosi, R.F.: Influence of posture and breathing route on neural drive to upper airway dilator muscles during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 89, 590–598 (2000)
Malarbet, J.L., Bertholon, J.F., Becquemin, M.H., Taieb, G., Bouchikhi, A., Roy, M.: Oral and nasal flowrate partitioning in healthy subjects performing graded exercise. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry 53, 179–182 (1994). Nuclear Technology Publishing
Lacomb, C.O.P.: Oral vs. Nasal breathing during Submaximal Aerobic Exercise. Thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (2015)
Niinimaa, V., Cole, P., Mintz, S., Shephard, R.J.: Oronasal distribution of respiratory airflow. Respir. Physiol. 43, 69–75 (1981)
Bowes, S.M., Swift, D.L.: Deposition of inhaled particles in the oral airway during oronasal breathing. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 11, 157–167 (1989)
Becquemin, M.M., Bertholon, J.F., Bouchikhi, A., Malarbet, J.L., Roy, M.: Oronasal ventilation partitioning in adults and children: effect on aerosol deposition in airways. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 81, 221–228 (1999)
Mortimore, I.L., Marthur, R., Douglas, J.: Effect of posture, route of respiration and negative pressure on palatal muscle activity in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 79, 448–454 (1995)
Zhu, J.H., Lee, H.P., Lim, K.M., Lee, S.J., Teo, L.S.L., Wang, D.Y.: Passive movement of human soft palate during respiration: a simulation of 3D fluid/structure interaction. J. Biomech. 45, 1992–2000 (2012)
Zhu, J.H, Lee, H.P., Lim, K.M., Wang, D.Y.: Simulation of movement of healthy human soft palate during respiration. In: 17th Biennial Meeting of the Canadian Society of Biomechanics/Societe Canadienne de Biomechanique (CSB/SBC), Vancouver (2012)
Johnstone, A., Uddin, M., Pollard, A., Heenan, A., Finlay, W.H.: The flow inside an idealised form of the human extra-thoracic airway. Exp. Fluids 37, 673–689 (2004)
Malvè, M., del Palomar, A., López-Villalobos, J., Ginel, A., Doblaré, M.: FSI analysis of the coughing mechanism in a human trachea. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 38, 1556–1565 (2010)
Heenan, A., Matida, E., Pollard, A., Finlay, W.: Experimental measurements and computational modeling of the flow field in an idealized human oropharynx. Exp. Fluids 35, 70–84 (2003)
Seidman, P.A., Goldenberg, D., Sinz, H.S.: Tracheotomy Management. A Multidisciplinary Approach. University Cambridge Press, Cambridge (2011)
Cinar, U., Halezeroglu, S., Okur, E., Inanici, M.A., Kayaoglu, S.: Tracheal length in adult human: the results of 100 autopsies. Int. J. Morphol. 34, 232–236 (2016)
Walters, D.K., Luke, W.H.: A method for three-dimensional navier-stokes simulations of large-scale regions of the human lung airway. J. Fluids Eng. 132, 8 (2010)
Tena, A.F., Casan, P.: Use of computational fluid dynamics in respiratory medicine. Arch. Bronconeumol. 56, 293–298 (2015)
Paz, C., Suárez, E., Concheiro, M., Porteiro J., Valdés, R.: CFD simulation of a CT scan oral-nasal extrathoracic model. In: Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VII. vol. 79, pp. 387–397 (2013)
Kleinstreuer, C., Zhang, Z.: Laminar-to-turbulent fluid-particle flows in a human airway model. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 29, 271–289 (2003)
Wen, J., Inthavong, K., Tu, J., Wang, S.: Numerical simulations for detailed airflow dynamics in a human nasal cavity. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 161, 125–135 (2008)
Kim, S.-H., Chung, S.-K., Na, Y.: Numerical investigation of flow-induced deformation along the human respiratory upper airway. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 29, 5267–5272 (2015)
Taylor, D.J., Doorly, D.J., Schroter, R.C.: Inflow boundary profile prescription for numerical simulation of nasal airflow. J. R. Soc. Interface 7, 515–527 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Paz, C., Suárez, E., Concheiro, M., Conde, M. (2018). CFD Simulation of the Oral-Nasal Flow Partitioning During a Breathing Cycle Based on the Soft Palate Movement. In: Chen, YW., Tanaka, S., Howlett, R., Jain, L. (eds) Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare 2017. KES-InMed 2018 2017. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 71. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59397-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59397-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59396-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59397-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)