Abstract
Metal contamination in the environment is one of the persistent global environmental problems and their adverse health effects have been well documented. Heavy metals can be found in various forms, including fine particles, liquid and gas. On the contrary, metal resource depletion also has accelerated dramatically during the twentieth century owing to advances in industrial engineering and sciences, which require large amounts of raw materials. Therefore, researchers have started to focus on developing technologies which can remove metals from the environment and recover them to reuse as material.
In this chapter, the source and characteristics of several metal contaminated waste streams, recent developments and the technical feasibility of applying physico-chemical and biological technologies/processes to the treatment of wastewater polluted with heavy metals are reviewed. The source of metal pollution will be demonstrated from excavation to end of life product (cradle to grave), while particular technologies such as adsorption, electrocoagulation, biological sulphide precipitation and phytoremediation will be focused on as solutions for heavy metal contamination of the environment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Achoka JD (2002) The efficiency of oxidation ponds at the Kraft pulp and paper mill at Webuye in Kenya. Water Res 36(5):1203–1212. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00325-6
Adhoum N, Monser L, Bellakhal N, Belgaied JE (2004) Treatment of electroplating wastewater containing Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cr (VI) by electrocoagulation. J Hazard Mater 112(3):207–213. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.04.018
Ajmal M, Rao RAK, Ahmad R, Ahmad J (2000) Adsorption studies on Citrus reticulata (fruit peel of orange): removal and recovery of Ni (II) from electroplating wastewater. J Hazard Mater 79(1–2):117–131. doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00234-X
Ajmal M, Rao RAK, Ahmad R, Ahmad J, Rao LAK (2001) Removal and recovery of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by using Kyanite as an adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 87(1–3):127–137. doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00234-5
Akbal F, Camcı S (2011) Copper, chromium and nickel removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation. Desalt 269(1–3):214–222. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.11.001
Akcil A, Koldas S (2006) Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): causes, treatment and case studies. J Clean Prod 14(12–13):1139–1145. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.09.006
Al-Shannag M, Al-Qodah Z, Bani-Melhem K, Qtaishat MR, Alkasrawi M (2015) Heavy metal ions removal from metal plating wastewater using electrocoagulation: Kinetic study and process performance. Chem Eng J 260(0):749–756. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.09.035
Alam MGM, Snow ET, Tanaka A (2003) Arsenic and heavy metal contamination of vegetables grown in Samta village, Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 308(1–3):83–96. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00651-4
Alvarez MT, Crespo C, Mattiasson B (2007) Precipitation of Zn (II), Cu (II) and Pb (II) at bench-scale using biogenic hydrogen sulfide from the utilization of volatile fatty acids. Chemosphere 66(9):1677–1683. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.065
Arroyo MG, Pérez-Herranz V, Montañés MT, García-Antón J, Guiñón JL (2009) Effect of pH and chloride concentration on the removal of hexavalent chromium in a batch electrocoagulation reactor. J Hazard Mater 169(1–3):1127–1133. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.089
Barrera H, Ureña-Núñez F, Bilyeu B, Barrera-Díaz C (2006) Removal of chromium and toxic ions present in mine drainage by Ectodermis of Opuntia. J Hazard Mater 136(3):846–853. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.021
Berg M, Tran HC, Nguyen TC, Pham HV, Schertenleib R, Giger W (2001) Arsenic contamination of groundwater and drinking water in Vietnam: a human health threat. Environ Sci Technol 35(13):2621–2626. doi:10.1021/es010027y
Bhagawan D, Poodari S, Pothuraju T, Srinivasulu D, Shankaraiah G, Yamuna RM, Himabindu V, Vidyavathi S (2014) Effect of operational parameters on heavy metal removal by electrocoagulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(24):14166–14173. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3331-8
Bijmans MFM, Buisman CJN, Meulepas RJW, Lens PNL (2011) Sulfate reduction for inorganic waste and process water treatment. Compr Biotechnol: 435–446. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00471-2
Blackman SAB, Baumol WJ (2008) “Natural Resources”. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Library of Economics and Liberty. http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/NaturalResources.html. Retrieved 1 Jan 2016
Chandra R, Bharagava RN, Yadav S, Mohan D (2009) Accumulation and distribution of toxic metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica campestris L.) irrigated with distillery and tannery effluents. J Hazard Mater 162(2–3):1514–1521. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.040
Chantawong V, Harvey NW, Bashkin VN (2003) Comparison of heavy metal adsorptions by Thai kaolin and ballclay. Water Air Soil Pollut 148(1–4):111–125. doi:10.1023/A:1025401927023
Chen SS, Hsu BC, Hung LW (2008) Chromate reduction by waste iron from electroplating wastewater using plug flow reactor. J Hazard Mater 152(3):1092–1097. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.086
Chen X, Lam KF, Mak SF, Yeung KL (2011) Precious metal recovery by selective adsorption using biosorbents. J Hazard Mater 186(1):902–910. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.088
Chuah TG, Jumasiah A, Azni I, Katayon S, Thomas CSY (2005) Rice husk as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for heavy metal and dye removal: an overview. Desalination 175(3):305–316. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.10.014
Cohen RRH (2006) Use of microbes for cost reduction of metal removal from metals and mining industry waste streams. J Clean Prod 14(12–13):1146–1157. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.10.009
Costa M, Martins M, Jesus C, Duarte J (2008) Treatment of acid mine drainage by sulphate-reducing bacteria using low cost matrices. Water Air Soil Pollut 189(1):149–162. doi:10.1007/s11270-007-9563-1
Dakiky M, Khamis M, Manassra A, Mer’eb M (2002) Selective adsorption of chromium (VI) in industrial wastewater using low-cost abundantly available adsorbents. Adv Environ Res 6(4):533–540. doi:10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00079-X
Defew LH, Mair JM, Guzman HM (2005) An assessment of metal contamination in mangrove sediments and leaves from Punta Mala Bay, Pacific Panama. Mar Pollut Bull 50(5):547–552. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.047
Demirbas A (2008) Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: a review. J Hazard Mater 157(2):220–229. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024
Drouiche N, Ghaffour N, Lounici H, Mameri M (2007) Electrocoagulation of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater. Desalt 214(1–3):31–37. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.11.009
Equeenuddin SM, Tripathy S, Sahoo PK, Panigrahi MK (2010) Hydrogeochemical characteristics of acid mine drainage and water pollution at Makum Coalfield, India. J Geochem Explor 105(3):75–82. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.04.006
Erdem E, Karapinar N, Donat R (2004) The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites. J Colloid Interface Sci 280(2):309–314. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.028
Feng D, van Deventer JSJ, Aldrich C (2004) Removal of pollutants from acid mine wastewater using metallurgical by-product slags. Sep Purif Technol 40(1):61–67. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2004.01.003
Feng JW, Sun YB, Zheng Z, Zhang JB, Li S, Tian YC (2007) Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation. J Environ Sci 19(12):1409–1415. doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60230-7
Fu F, Wang Q (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review. J Environ Manag 92(3):407–418. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011
Fu J, Zhou Q, Liu J, Liu W, Wang T, Zhang Q, Jiang G (2008) High levels of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a typical E-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health. Chemosphere 71(7):1269–1275. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.065
Goldberg ED, Förstner U, Prosi F, Wittmann GTW, van Lierde JH (2012) Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer, Berlin
Gowd SS, Ramakrishna RM, Govil PK (2010) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Hazard Mater 174(1–3):113–121. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.024
Guo Y, Huo X, Li Y, Wu K, Liu J, Huang J, Zheng G, Xiao Q, Yang H, Wang Y, Chen A, Xu X (2010) Monitoring of lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel in placenta from an e-waste recycling town in China. Sci Total Environ 408(16):3113–3117. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.018
Gupta VK, Jain CK, Ali I, Sharma M, Saini VK (2003) Removal of cadmium and nickel from wastewater using bagasse fly ash – a sugar industry waste. Water Res 37(16):4038–4044. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00292-6
Haijun L (2010) The effect of landfill leachate pH to pollutants transport through landfill liners, 2nd international conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC), 2010. p. V3-274–V3-277. DOI: 10.1109/ICETC.2010.5529548
Heidmann I, Calmano W (2008) Removal of Zn (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), Ag (I) and Cr (VI) present in aqueous solutions by aluminium electrocoagulation. J Hazard Mater 152(3):934–941. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.068
Holler T, Wegener G, Niemann H, Deusner C, Ferdelman TG, Boetius A, Brunner B, Widdel F (2011) Carbon and sulfur back flux during anaerobic microbial oxidation of methane and coupled sulfate reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:E1484–E1490. doi:10.1073/pnas.1106032108
Huang S, Gu L, Zhu N, Feng K, Yuan H, Lou Z, Li Y, Shan A (2014) Heavy metal recovery from electroplating wastewater by synthesis of mixed-Fe3O4@SiO2/metal oxide magnetite photocatalysts. Green Chem 16(5):2696–2705. doi:10.1039/C3GC42496K
Jain CK, Ali I (2000) Arsenic: occurrence, toxicity and speciation techniques. Water Res 34:4304–4312. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00182-2
Janyasuthiwong S, Phiri SM, Kijjanapanich P, Rene ER, Esposito G, Lens PNL (2015a) Copper, lead and zinc removal from metal-contaminated wastewater by adsorption onto agricultural wastes. Environ Technol 36(24):3071–3083. doi:10.1080/09593330.2015.1053537
Janyasuthiwong S, Rene ER, Esposito G, Lens PNL (2015b) Effect of pH on the performance of sulfate and thiosulfate-fed sulfate reducing inverse fluidized bed reactors. J Environ Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001004
Janyasuthiwong S, Rene ER, Esposito G, Lens PNL (2015c) Effect of pH on Cu, Ni and Zn removal by biogenic sulfide precipitation in an inversed fluidized bed bioreactor. Hydrometallurgy 158:94–100. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.10.009
Johnson DB, Hallberg KB (2005) Acid mine drainage remediation options: a review. Sci Total Environ 338(1–2):3–14. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.09.002
Kabdaşlı I, Arslan T, Ölmez-Hancı T, Arslan-Alaton I, Tünay O (2009) Complexing agent and heavy metal removals from metal plating effluent by electrocoagulation with stainless steel electrodes. J Hazard Mater 165(1–3):838–845. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.065
Khan NA, Ibrahim S, Subramaniam P (2004) Elimination of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural wastes as adsorbents. Malays J Sci 23(43–51):43
Khansorthong S, Hunsom M (2009) Remediation of wastewater from pulp and paper mill industry by the electrochemical technique. Chem Eng J 151(1–3):228–234. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.02.038
Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP, Baun A, Ledin A, Christensen TH (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 32(4):297–336. doi:10.1080/10643380290813462
Kobya M, Erdem N, Demirbas E (2014) Treatment of Cr, Ni and Zn from galvanic rinsing wastewater by electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes. Desalin Water Treat 163:1–11. doi:10.1080/19443994.2014.951692
Kumar R, Bhatia D, Singh R, Rani S, Bishnoi NR (2011) Sorption of heavy metals from electroplating effluent using immobilized biomass Trichoderma viride in a continuous packed-bed column. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65(8):1133–1139. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.09.003
Lai CL, Lin SH (2003) Electrocoagulation of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater from semiconductor fabrication. Chem Eng J 95(1–3):205–211. doi:10.1016/S1385-8947(03)00106-2
Lai CL, Lin SH (2004) Treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater by electrocoagulation: system performances and sludge settling characteristics. Chemosphere 54(3):235–242. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.014
Lasheen MR, Ammar NS, Ibrahim HS (2012) Adsorption/desorption of Cd (II), Cu (II) and Pb (II) using chemically modified orange peel: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Solid State Sci 14(2):202–210. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.11.029
Lewis AE (2010) Review of metal sulphide precipitation. Hydrometallurgy 104(2):222–234. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.06.010
Liang S, Guo X-Y, Feng N-C, Tian Q-H (2010) Effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by orange peel xanthate. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 20:187–191. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60037-4
Lim HS, Lee JS, Chon HT, Sager M (2008) Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea. J Geochem Explor 96(2–3):223–230. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.008
Maine MA, Suñe N, Hadad H, Sánchez G, Bonetto C (2006) Nutrient and metal removal in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment from a metallurgic industry. Ecol Eng 26(4):341–347. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.004
McCauley CA, O’Sullivan AD, Milke MW, Weber PA, Trumm DA (2009) Sulfate and metal removal in bioreactors treating acid mine drainage dominated with iron and aluminum. Water Res 43(4):961–970. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.029
Meunier N, Drogui P, Montané C, Hausler R, Mercier G, Blais JF (2006) Comparison between electrocoagulation and chemical precipitation for metals removal from acidic soil leachate. J Hazard Mater 137(1):581–590. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.050
Mohan D, Singh KP (2002) Single-and multi-component adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse – an agricultural waste. Water Res 36(9):2304–2318. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00447-X
Moore JW, Ballantyne EE, Ramamoorthy S (2012) Heavy metals in natural waters: applied monitoring and impact assessment. Springer, New York
Morf LS, Gloor R, Haag O, Haupt M, Skutan S, Lorenzo FD, Böni D (2013) Precious metals and rare earth elements in municipal solid waste – Sources and fate in a Swiss incineration plant. Waste Manag 33(3):634–644. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.010
Neculita CM, Zagury GJ, Bussière B (2007) Passive treatment of acid mine drainage in bioreactors using sulfate-reducing bacteria. J Environ Qual 36(1):1–16. doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0066
Needleman H (2004) Lead poisoning. Annu Rev Med 55:209–222. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103653
Noling C (2004) New electrocoagulation system addresses challenges of industrial storm, wash water. Ind Water World 5(4):22
Nordstrom DK, Alpers CN, Ptacek CJ, Blowes DW (2000) Negative pH and extremely acidic mine waters from Iron Mountain. Calif Environ Sci Technol 34(2):254–258. doi:10.1021/es990646v
Park D, Lee DS, Park JM, Chun HD, Park SK, Jitsuhara I, Miki O, Kato T (2005) Metal recovery from electroplating wastewater using acidophilic iron oxidizing bacteria: pilot-scale feasibility test. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:1854–1859. doi:10.1021/ie049015
Park N, Kim JH, Cho J (2008) Organic matter, anion, and metal wastewater treatment in Damyang surface-flow constructed wetlands in Korea. Ecol Eng 32(1):68–71. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.09.003
Peng K, Luo C, Lou L, Li X, Shen Z (2008) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by the aquatic plants Potamogeton pectinatus L. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq. and their potential use for contamination indicators and in wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 392(1):22–29. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.032
Rauch JN, Pacyna JM (2009) Earth’s global Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn cycles. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 23(2):GB2001. doi:10.1029/2008GB003376
Rees W, Wackernagel M (2008) Urban ecological footprints: why cities cannot be sustainable – and why they are a key to sustainability, Urban ecology. Springer, New York, pp 537–555. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73412-5_35
Roberts MC (1990) Predicting metal consumption: the case of US steel. Res Policy 16(1):56–73. doi:10.1016/0301-4207(90)90018-7
Rodriguez J, Stopić S, Krause G, Friedrich B (2007) Feasibility assessment of electrocoagulation towards a new sustainable wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 14(7):477–482. doi:10.1065/espr2007.05.424
Rosa DRN, Rosa RN (2011) Copper depletion in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: another indicator of global scarcity. Appl Earth Sci 120(1):39–43. doi:10.1179/1743275811Y.0000000020
Ryu HD, Kim D, Lee SI (2008) Application of struvite precipitation in treating ammonium nitrogen from semiconductor wastewater. J Hazard Mater 156(1–3):163–169. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.010
Rzeczycka M, Blaszczyk M (2005) Growth and activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria in media containing phosphogypsum and different sources of carbon. Pol J Environ Stud 14(6):891
Sankararamakrishnan N, Kumar P, Singh Chauhan V (2008) Modeling fixed bed column for cadmium removal from electroplating wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 63(1):213–219. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2008.05.002
Senturk E (2013) The treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process. Water Sci Technol 68(10):2220–2227. DOI: http://10.2166/wst.2013.481
Shafaei A, Pajootan E, Nikazar M, Arami M (2011) Removal of Co(II) from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes. Desalt 279(1–3):121–126. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.05.070
Sheoran AS, Sheoran V (2006) Heavy metal removal mechanism of acid mine drainage in wetlands: a critical review. Miner Eng 19(2):105–116. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2005.08.006
Sirianuntapiboon S, Chairattanawan K, Rarunroeng M (2008) Biological removal of cyanide compounds from electroplating wastewater (EPWW) by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. J Hazard Mater 154(1–3):526–534. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.056
Slack R, Letcher T (2011) Chemicals in waste: household hazardous waste. In: Waste: a handbook of waste management and recycling. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 181–195. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381475-3.10013-0
Slack RJ, Gronow JR, Voulvoulis N (2005) Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate. Sci Total Environ 337(1–3):119–137. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.002
Slack RJ, Gronow JR, Hall DH, Voulvoulis N (2007) Household hazardous waste disposal to landfill: using LandSim to model leachate migration. Environ Pollut 146(2):501–509. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.07.011
Smedley PL, Kinniburgh D (2013) Arsenic in groundwater and the environment. In: Selinus O (ed) Essentials of medical geology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 279–310. doi:10.1007/978–94–007-4375-5_12
Soloman PA, Ahmed Basha C, Velan M, Balasubramanian N, Marimuthu P (2009) Augmentation of biodegradability of pulp and paper industry wastewater by electrochemical pre-treatment and optimization by RSM. Sep Purif Technol 69(1):109–117. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2009.07.002
Sousa FW, Sousa MJ, Oliveira IRN, Oliveira AG, Cavalcante RM, Fechine PBA, Neto VOS, de Keukeleire D, Nascimento RF (2009) Evaluation of a low-cost adsorbent for removal of toxic metal ions from wastewater of an electroplating factory. J Environ Manag 90(11):3340–3333. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.016
Sridhar R, Sivakumar V, Immanuel V Prince, Prakash Maran J (2011) Treatment of pulp and paper industry bleaching effluent by electrocoagulant process. J Hazard Mater 186(2–3):1495–1502. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.028
Suarez S, Lema JM, Omil F (2009) Pre-treatment of hospital wastewater by coagulation -flocculation and flotation. Bioresour Technol 100(7):2138–2146. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.015
Sud D, Mahajan G, Kaur M (2008) Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions: a review. Bioresour Technol 99(14):6017–6027. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.064
Swart P, Dewulf J (2013) Quantifying the impacts of primary metal resource use in life cycle assessment based on recent mining data. Resour Conserv Recycl 73(0):180–187. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.02.007
Tcha M, Takashina G (2002) Is world metal consumption in disarray? Resour Policy 28(1–2):61–74. doi:10.1016/S0301-4207(03)00006-0
Tilton JE (2013) Mineral wealth and economic development. Routledge, New York
Todd RH, Allen DK, Alting L (1994) Manufacturing processes reference guide. Industrial Press, South Norwalk
Ulmanu M, Marañón E, Fernández Y, Castrillón L, Anger I, Dumitriu D (2003) Removal of copper and cadmium ions from diluted aqueous solutions by low cost and waste material adsorbents. Water Air Soil Pollut 142(1–4):357–373. doi:10.1023/A:1022084721990
Villa-Gomez D, Ababneh H, Papirio S, Rousseau DPL, Lens PNL (2011) Effect of sulfide concentration on the location of the metal precipitates in inversed fluidized bed reactors. J Hazard Mater 192(1):200–207. doi:10.1002/jctb.4296
Vinodhini R, Narayanan M (2008) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp). Int J Environ Sci Technol 5(2):179–182. doi:10.1007/BF03326011
Wan-Ngah WS, Hanafiah MAKM (2008) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review. Bioresour Technol 99(10):3935–3948. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.011
Widdel F (1988) Microbiology and ecology of sulphate and sulphur reducing bacteria, Biology of Anaerobic Organisms. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 456–586
Wong CSC, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Aydin A, Wong MH (2007a) Evidence of excessive releases of metals from primitive e-waste processing in Guiyu. China Environ Pollut 148(1):62–72. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.006
Wong CSC, Wu SC, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Aydin A, Wong MH (2007b) Trace metal contamination of sediments in an e-waste processing village in China. Environ Pollut 145(2):434–442. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.017
Wood JM (1974) Biological cycles for toxic elements in the environment. Science 183(4129):1049–1052. doi:10.1126/science.183.4129.1049
Wu M, Sun DD (2005) Characterization and reduction of membrane fouling during nanofiltration of semiconductor indium phosphide (InP) wastewater. J Membr Sci 259(1–2):135–144. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2005.03.020
Xie Y, Xu Y, Yan L, Yang R (2005) Recovery of nickel, copper and cobalt from low-grade Ni-Cu sulfide tailings. Hydrometallurgy 80(1–2):54–58. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.07.005
Yellishetty M, Mudd GM, Ranjith PG, Tharumarajah A (2011) Environmental life-cycle comparisons of steel production and recycling: sustainability issues, problems and prospects. Environ Sci Pol 14(6):650–663. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2011.04.008
Yesilnacar MI, Kadiragagil Z (2013) Effects of acid mine drainage on groundwater quality: a case study from an open-pit copper mine in eastern Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Environ 72(3–4):485–493. doi:10.1007/s10064-013-0512-5
Zacarias-Farah A, Geyer-Allély E (2003) Household consumption patterns in OECD countries: trends and figures. J Clean Prod 11(8):819–827. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00155-5
Zawierucha I, Kozlowski C, Malina G (2013) Removal of toxic metal ions from landfill leachate by complementary sorption and transport across polymer inclusion membranes. Waste Manag 33(10):2129–2136. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.12.015
Zhai Y, Wei X, Zeng G, Zhang D, Chu K (2004) Study of adsorbent derived from sewage sludge for the removal of Cd2+, Ni2+ in aqueous solutions. Sep Purif Technol 38(2):191–196. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2003.11.007
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Janyasuthiwong, S., Rene, E.R., Esposito, G., Lens, P.N.L. (2017). Techniques for Metal Removal and Recovery from Waste Stream. In: Rene, E., Sahinkaya, E., Lewis, A., Lens, P. (eds) Sustainable Heavy Metal Remediation. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58622-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58622-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58621-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58622-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)