Skip to main content

Environmental and Health Risk by the Presence of Parasites in the Sand of Cartagena Beaches

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Beach Management Tools - Concepts, Methodologies and Case Studies

Abstract

This study was carried out with the purpose of determining the presence of parasites of health interest in the sands of three beaches in Cartagena, Colombia, Bocagrande beach, Boquilla beach and Punta Arena beach. Monthly monitoring sessions were conducted between May 2015 and June 2016. The found parasites were characterized using the Sloss technique, and the beaches were classified according to the pollution level, according to proposal. As main results, a high presence of parasites was obtain in November 2015, being Punta Arena the beach with the highest presence of parasites. Three parasites genders were identified: Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Taxocara sp. These results go together with a proposal for the mitigation, minimization and control of these health interest parasites, keeping into account the beaches’ characteristics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alonso JM, Stein M, Chamorro MC, Bojanich (2001) Contamination of soils with eggs of Toxocara in a subtropical city in Argentina. J Helminthol 75:165–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariza E, Jimenez J, Sardár R (2008) Seasonal evolution of beach waste and litter during the bathing season on the Catalan coast. Waste Manag 28:604–2613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benedict R, Neumann C (2004) Assessing Oregon’s twenty-six coastal beach areas for recreational water quality standards. Mar Pollut Bull 49:624–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cagilabav Y, Rennie HG (2005) Literature review of beach awards and rating systems. Environ Waikato Tech Rep 2005/24, The University of Waikato, Hamilton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassenote FA, Pinto J, De Abreu A, Ferreira A (2011) Contaminaçâo do solo por ovos de geo-helmintos com potencial zoonótico na municipalidade de Fernandópolis, Estado de Sâo Paulo. Brasil Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 3:370374

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro C, de Oliveira JB, Hernandez J, Jimenez M (2009) Contaminación por parásitos gastrointestinales de caninos en dieciocho playas del pacifico central: Implicaciones para la salud Pública. Cienc Vet 27:47–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Córdoba A, Ciarmela M, Pezzani B, Gamboa M, De Luca M, Minvielle M et al (2002) Presencia de parásitos intestinales en paseos públicos urbanos en la plata, Argentina. Parasitol Latinoam 57:25–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa MF, Ivar Do Sul JA, Silva-Cavalcanti JS, Araujom CB, Spengler A, Tourinho PS (2009) On the importance of size of plastic fragments and pellets on the strandline: a snapshot of a Brazilian beach. Environ Monit Assess 168:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz Sanchez Edward, Directiva Sanitaria (2011) Directiva sanitaria que establece el procedimiento para la evaluación de la calidad sanitaria en las playas del litoral peruano. Directiva sanitaria N°038-MINSA/DIGESA-.Vol.01

    Google Scholar 

  • Daprato Betina, Cardillo Natalia, Kunic Martin, Berra Yanina, Sommerfelt Irma (2011). Persistencia de la contaminación ambiental por huevos de Toxocara cati en un espacio público. No. 35 (27–28). Argentina

    Google Scholar 

  • De Castro J, Dos Santos S, Monteiro N (2005) Contaminaçâo de canteiros da orla marítima do municipio Praia Grande, Sâo Paulo, por ovos de Ancylostoma e Toxocaraemfezes de câes. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38:199–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decreto 3930 del (2010) duisponible en: http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=40620

  • Delgado Y, Enríquez D, Nuñes RY, Pérez G (2009) Bacterias indicadoras de contaminación fecal en aguas costeras al oeste de ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Revista de Medio Ambiente, Turismo y Sustentabilidad 2(2):109–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmanama A, Ishaq M, Afifi S, Abdalallag S, Bahrs S (2005) Microbiological beach sand quality in Gaza Strip in comparison to seawater quality. Environmental Research 99:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmir S, Wright M, Abdelzaher A, Solo-Gabriel H, Fleming L, Miller G, Rybolowik M, Peter SM, Pillai S, Yquayee CJ (2007) Quantitative evaluation of bacteria released by bathers in a marine water. Water Res 41:3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espejel I, Espinoza-Tenorio A, Cervantes O, Popoca I, Mejia A, Delhumeau S (2007) Proposal for an integrated risk index for the planning of recreational beaches: use at seven Mexican arid sites. J Coast Res, SI: 50

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavio B, Palmer-Cantillo S, Mancera JE (2010) Historical analysis (2000–2005) of the coastal water quality in San Andrés Island, seaflower biosphere reserve, Caribbean Colombia. Mar Pollut Bull 60(7):1018–1030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González Y Cáceres, Ana Pilar Sousa, GonçalvesFlávia de Assunção, Cazoria Irene Maurício, Carvalho, Silvia Maria Santos (2005) Contaminação do solo porhelmintos de importânciamédicanapraia do sul (Milionários), Ilhéus BA/Contamination of soil by helmints of medical importance in the south beach (Milionários) Ilhéus BA. Revista brasileira de análises clínicas. Disponible en: http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&src=google&base=LILACS&lang=p&nextAction=lnk&exprSearch=411937&indexSearch=ID

  • Herrera A, Suarez P (2005) Indicadores bacterianos como herramientas para medir la calidad ambiental del agua costera. INCI 30(3):171–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado Y, Botero C, Herrera E (2009) Selección y propuesta de parámetros para la determinación de la calidad ambiental en playas turísticas del Caribe Colombiano. Revista Ciencia en su PC 4:42–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Isla F, Denegil G, Cermelo L, Farias A, Crowder P (2005) Mar de Plata: Fragilidad Costera. Ed. Martin, Mar de Plata

    Google Scholar 

  • Lescano SA, Chieffi PP, Peres BA, de Mello EO, Velarde CN, Salinas AA, Rojas CE (1998) Soil contamination and human infection by Toxocara sp. In the urban area of lima, Peru. Mem inst Oswaldo Cruz 93(6):733–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ludlam KE, Platt TR (1989) The relationship of park maintenance and accesibility to dogs to the presence of Toxocara spp. ova in the soil. Am J Public Health 79(5):633–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madrid Viviana, Sarrdella Norma H, Denegri Guillermo Patrica Hollmann (2005) Laboratorio de zoonosis parasitarias. Facultad de ciencias exactas y naturales universidad nacional del mar de plata laboratorio de parasitología centro municipal de zoonosis conicet contaminación de playas de la ciudad de mar de plata con parásitos de importancia sanitaria En: editorial Martin No 21–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansilha CR, Coelho CA, Heitor AM, Amado J, Martins JPY, Gameiro P (2009) Bathingwaters: new directive, new standards, new quality approach. Mar Pollut Bull 58:1562–1565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan R (1999) A novel, user-based rating system for tourist beaches. Tour Manag 20(1999):393–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neves R, Massara C, Da Silva R, Massara C (2009) Contaminação do solo de áreas comunitárias do município de Caratinga, por ovos de Toxocara sp. E cistos de Entamoebasp Rev De Patol Trop 38:126–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Norma técnica sectorial colombiana nts-ts001-2 (2011) Pag 8.Cartagena. Dispobible en: http://docplayer.es/14020365-Norma-tecnica-nts-ts-sectorial-colombiana-001-2.html

  • Oigman-pszczols S, Creed JC (2007) Quantification and classification of marine litter on beaches along Armacao dos Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J coast Res 23(2):421–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orellana J (2005) Ingeniería Sanitaria UTN FRRO. Unidad Temática N°3. Características del agua potable. Argentina

    Google Scholar 

  • Overgaauw PA (1997) Aspects of toxocara epidemiology: toxocariasis in dogs and cats. Crit rev microbiol 23(3):233–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Passucci JA, West M (1996) Parasitosis interna en un albergue de perros en la ciudad de Tandil 1995. Pts 12(67):473–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips MC, Solo-Gabriele HM, Piggot AM, Klaus JS, Zhang YJ. 2011. Relationships between sand and water quality at recreational beaches. Water Res. 45: 6763–6769

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabino R, Rodrigues R, Costa I, Carneiro C, Cunha M, Duarte A, Faria N, Ferreira FC, Gargaté MJ, Júlio C, Martins ML, Neversi MB, Oleastro M, Solo-Gabrielej H, Veríssimo C, Viegas C, Whitman RL, Brandão J (2013) Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health. Sci Total Environ 472:1603–1609

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos S, Gonçalves F, Campos P, Matos E, Souza P, Cáceres Y et al (2005) Adaptaçâo do método de Rugai e colaboradores para analise de parasitas do solo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38:270–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schapiro J, Eddi C, Caracostantogolo J, Peña M, Cutelle C, Castañor B (2001) Presencia de huevos de enteroparásitoszoonóticos en espacios públicos de la ciudad de pilar. III Congreso Argentino y II Congreso Latinoamericano de zoonosis Resúmenes: en CD

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro K, Conrad PA, Mazet JA, Wallender WW, Miller WA, Largier JL (2010) Effect of estuarine wetland degradation on transport of Toxoplasma gondii surrogates from land to sea. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(20):6821–6828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu T (1993) Prevalence of Toxocara eggs in sandpits in Tokushima city and its outskirts. J Vet Med Sci 55(5):807–811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva JB (2009) Flag Items as a Tool for Monitoring Solid Waste from Users on Urban Beaches. J Coast Res 24(4):890–898

    Google Scholar 

  • Tudor D, Williams A (2008) Important aspects of beach pollution to managers: Wales and the Bristol Channel, UK. J Coast Res 24(3):735–745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandermeulen H, Cobb D (2004) Marine environmental quality: a Canadian history and opinions for the future. Ocean Coast Manag 47:243–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel C, Rogerson A, Schatz S, Laubach H, Tallman A, Fell J (2007) Prevalence of yeasts in beach sand at three bathing beaches in South Florida. Water Res 41:1915–1920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization and UNICEF. Water for life (2005) Making it happen. France WHO Press, p 44

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Wang J, Fan J, Gao D, Ju H (2013) Effects of rainfall on microbial water quality on Qingdao no. 1 Bathing Beach, China. Mar Pollut Bull 66:185–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ganiveth Manjarrez-Paba .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Manjarrez-Paba, G., Blanco Herrera, J.I., Arrunategui, B.P.G. (2018). Environmental and Health Risk by the Presence of Parasites in the Sand of Cartagena Beaches. In: Botero, C., Cervantes, O., Finkl, C. (eds) Beach Management Tools - Concepts, Methodologies and Case Studies. Coastal Research Library, vol 24. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58304-4_42

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics