Skip to main content

The Global City Cases

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Migrant Integration in Times of Economic Crisis

Part of the book series: Europe in Crisis ((EIC))

  • 316 Accesses

Abstract

This section analyzes Hamburg, Barcelona, Chicago, Toronto, and Montréal in turn. They were chosen in part because their migrant populations include members of five national groups: Poles, Romanians, Serbs, Pakistanis, and Ghanaians. The same topics are covered for each city, namely, the concentrations of those migrants and their residential movements between 2000 and 2015; their dissimilarity, isolation, and exposure indices of segregation; and key indicators of their structural integration (in terms of employment, poverty, and social assistance rates) over the same period. The author also considers local policy responses in each case, highlighting trends in migrant integration strategies, housing, transportation, and neighborhood development and their effect on the shared lived experience and multicultural public spaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aehnelt, Reinhard, Kristin Schwarze, and Emilija Mitrović. 2011. Partizipation vor Ort. Berlin: Institut für Stadtforschung und Strukturpolitik GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi, Donya, and Tuna Tasan-Kok. 2014. Urban Policies on Diversity in Toronto, Canada. DIVERCITIES, No. 319970, August 4, European Commission, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Applied Real Estate Analysis (AREA). 2016. Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. Chicago: City of Chicago, Office of Management and Budget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbaci, Sonia, and Jorge Malheiros. 2010. De-Segregation, Peripheralisation and the Social Exclusion of Immigrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (2): 227–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. 2008. Plan de trabajo de inmigración, 2008–2011. Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. 2012. Plan de trabajo de inmigración, 2012–2015. Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. 2015. 73 Barrios, una Barcelona: hacia la ciudad del los derechos y las oportunidades. Programa de Actuación Municipal 2016–2019. Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aydede, Yigit, and Atul Dar. 2016. “The Cost of Immigrants’ Occupational Mismatch and the Effectiveness of Postarrival Policies in Canada.” Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit (IZA) Journal of Migration 5 (9). doi:10.1186/s40176-016-0057-z. http://izajom.springeropen.com/articles/. Accessed 3 Feb 2017.

  • Balakrishnan, T.R., Paul Maxim, and Rozzet Jurdi. 2005. Social Class versus Cultural Identity as Factors in the Residential Segregation of Ethnic Groups in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver for 2001. Canadian Studies in Population 32 (2): 203–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balasko, Sascha, Volker ter Haseborg, and Hanna-Lotte Mikuteit. 2013. “Immer mehr Zuwanderer—Hilferuf aus Hamburg.” Hamburger Abendblatt, April 2. http://www.abendblatt.de/politik/deutschland/article114925556/Immer-mehr-Zuwanderer-Hilferuf-aus-Hamburg.html. Accessed 29 Jan 2017.

  • Basolo, Victoria, and Mai Thi Nguyen. 2009. Immigrants’ Housing Search and Neighborhood Conditions. Cityscape 11 (3): 99–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behörde für Soziales, Familie, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (BSFGV). 2007. Hamburger Handlungskonzept zur Integration von Zuwandern. Hamburg: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg.  

    Google Scholar 

  • Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt (BSEU). 2007. Räumliches Leitbild, Entwurf. Hamburg: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellester, Daniel Garrell. 2014. Situació laboral de la població estrangera a Catalunya. Barcelona: Centre d’Estudis i Ricerca Sindicals.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bereitschaft, Bradley, and Rex Cammack. 2015. Neighborhood Diversity and the Creative Class in Chicago. Applied Geography 63 (September): 166–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezirksamt Hamburg-Mitte. 2012. Billstedts neue Masche: Kultur im Zentrum. Billstedt Horn gemeinsam vorn: Stadtteilzeitung, November, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bille-Vue—75 Jahre Billstedt GbR. 2002. Wir sind alle ein biẞchen Billstedt. Hamburg: S. Söth-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitran, Sofia, et al. 2013. Révitalisation urbaine intégree Chameran-Lebeau. Montréal: Arrondissment de Saint-Laurent and Ville de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, Debra. 2015. Meet Toronto’s Disenfranchised Non-Citizens. Toronto Star, January 5. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/01/05/divided_city_meet_torontos_disenfranchised_noncitizens.html. Accessed 4 Feb 2017.

  • Blanco, Ismael. 2005. Políticas urbanas de inclusión socio-espacial. Biblioteca Virtual TOP (Technología para la Organización Pública). http://www.top.org.ar/ecgp/bibliotecavirtual.aspx. Accessed 24 Jan 2017.

  • Boudreau, Julie-Anne, Roger Keil, and Douglas Young. 2009. Changing Toronto: Governing Urban Neoliberalism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulet, Maude. 2016. Rapport de recherche réalisé pour le compte du programme Emploi Nexus de la Ville de Montréal. Montréal: CIRANO. https://www.cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2016RP-11.pdf. Accessed 3 Feb 2017.

  • Brettell, Caroline B. 2008. ‘Big D’: Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis. In Twenty-First Century Gateways, ed. Audrey Singer, Susan W. Hardwick, and Caroline B. Brettell, 53–86. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent, Alan. 2011. Good Ideas from Toronto. Toronto: Maytree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brück, Dominik. 2015. Mieses Image–und komplett unterschätzt. Die Zeit, September 16. http://www.zeit.de/hamburg/stadtleben/2015-08/hamburg-stadtteil-billstedt. Accessed 17 Jan 2017.

  • Cabré, Anna. 1999. El sistema català de reproducció. Barcelona: Institut Català de la Mediterránia d’Estudis i Cooperació.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappe, Marni. 2011. Starting on Solid Ground: The Municipal Role in Immigrant Settlement. Ottawa: Federation of Canadian Municipalities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castilleja, Dolores, Atanasi Céspedes, Fernando Pindado, Oscar Rebollo, and Alejandro Ruggero. 2001. El Plan Comunitario de Trinitat Nova. In: Prácticas Locales de creatividad social: construyendo ciudanía/2, ed. Francisco Javier Garrido, Miguel Ángel Gil Zafra, and Pedro Martín Gutiérrez, 149–168. Barcelona: El Viejo Topo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castles, Stephen, Hein de Haas, and Mark J. Miller. 2014. The Age of Migration, 5th ed. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Centre for Research on Inner City Health (CRICH). 2014. Urban HEART@Toronto Executive Report. Toronto: St.Michael’s Hospital.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambre de commerce du Montréal métropolitain (CCMM). 2011. La planification de l’immigration au Québec pour la période 2012–2015. Montreal: CCMM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiasson, Guy, and Junichiro Koji. 2011. Quebec Immigrant Settlement Policy and Municipalities. In Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, ed. Erin Tolley, and Robert Young, 148–191. Montréal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chicago Council on Global Affairs. 2011. Moving Forward: The Immigration Debate and Chicago’s Experience. Chicago: The Chicago Council on Global Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Greg. 2012. Can Immigration Fuel Urban Growth? MIPIM Global Real Estate Experts, August 23. Accessed 30 May 2017. http://blog.mipimworld.com/2012/08/can-immigration-fuel-urban-growth/#.VTlQI5VFDSE.

  • Clary, Jennifer. 2014. Chicago Neighborhood Indicators 2000–2012. Chicago: Social IMPACT Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Communauté Métropolitaine de Montréal (CMM). 2013. Le Grand Montréal parmi les principaux pôles d’immigration en Amérique du Nord. Perspective Grand Montréal, December 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleyto, Celestino, and Gemma López. 2012. Catalan Beauty and the Transnational Beast. Transnational Cinemas 3 (2): 157–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirel, Phyllis. 2012. Schriftliche kleine Anfrage und Antwort des Senats: Integrationsbeauftragte und Integrationsonzepte in den Bezirken, Drucksache 20/1357, February 14, Bürgerschaftt der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg, Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Beliebtheit Hamburger Stadtteile. 2013. Stadtluft Hamburg. http://www.stadtluft-hamburg.de/beliebtheit-hamburger-stadtteile/. Accessed 24 Feb 2016.

  • Direction de la diversité sociale. 2011. Montréal: Ville interculturelle—Présentation générale des actions de la Ville de Montréal en relations interculturelles, à l’intention du Conseil de l’Europe. Montréal: Ville de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Division des affaires économiques et institutionnelles (DAEI). 2010. Caractéristiques socioéconomiques des immigrants résidant à Montréal. Montréal: Ville de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubuc, André. 2011. Aide sociale: la situation des immigrants se détériore à Montréal. La Presse, April 14. http://affaires.lapresse.ca/economie/quebec/201104/14/01-4389677-aide-sociale-la-situation-des-immigrants-se-deteriore-a-montreal.php. Accessed 9 Feb 2017.

  • Duncan, Greg J., and Anita Zuberi. 2006. Mobility Lessons from Gautreaux and Moving to Opportunity. Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy 1 (1): 110–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiore, Anna Maria. 2013. Le capital social collectif des Sud-Asiatiques de Montréal. Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada 43 (1–2): 237–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florida, Richard. 2015. Insight: Canada’s Segregated Cities. Toronto: Martin Prosperity Institute, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto. www.martinprosperity.org/content/insight-canada-segregated-city/. Accessed 1 Feb 2017.

  • Forcier, Mathieu, and Frédérick Guillaume Dufour. 2016. Immigration, Neoconservatism, and Neoliberalism. Cogent Social Sciences 2 (1). doi:10.1080/23311886.2016.1199086. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/. Accessed 4 Feb 2017.

  • Fourot, Aude-Claire. 2013. L’intégration des immigrants: Cinquante ans d’action publique locale. Montréal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenfeld, Thomas. 2012. Ist Hamburg noch Weltstadt? Die Geister scheiden sich. Hamburger Abendblatt, October 27. http://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/article110306849/Ist-Hamburg-noch-Weltstadt-Die-Geister-scheiden-sich.html. Accessed 20 Jan 2017.

  • Freemark, Yonah. 2010. Does Chicago Transit Funding Favor Whites? The Transport Politics, January 8. http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/01/08/does-chicago-transit-funding-favor-whites/. Accessed 30 Jan 2017.

  • Fundación Bertelsmann. 2012. Fifteen Good Ideas: Diversity and Inclusion in Cities. Barcelona: Funcación Bertelsmann and Cities of Migration/Maytree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, Annick. 2000. Immigrants and Cities: Does Neighborhood Matter? Paper presented at the Transatlantic Learning Committee Special Meeting, May 23, in Montréal. www.im.metropolis.net/medias/IMMIGRANTS.pdf. Accessed 8 Feb 2017.

  • Germain, Annick. 2011. The Fragmented or Cosmopolitan Metropolis? Centre Métropolis du Québec (CMQ)—Immigration et métropoles (IM). Publication CMQ-IM, No. 44, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, Annick. 2013a. Une métropole d’individus… créatifs? Presentation at the colloquim La créativité en question: le cas de Montréal, Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur Montréal, McGill University, October 18–19. http://bcooltv.mcgill.ca/ListRecordings.aspx?CourseID=8937. Accessed 8 Feb 2017.

  • Germain, Annick. 2013b. The Story of Montréal: A Cosmopolitan Metropolis without a Municipal Policy? Canadian Diversity/Diversité Canadienne 10 (1): 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • GEWOS Institut für Stadt-, Regional– und Wohnforschung GmbH. 2016. Sozialmonitoring Integrierte Stadtteilentwicklung—Bericht 2015. Hamburg: Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Wohnen, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, Richard P. 1997. Chicago’s New Immigrants, Indigenous Poor, and Edge Cities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 551 (1): 178–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grenier, Gilles, and Serge Nadeau. 2011. Immigrant Access to Work in Montreal and Toronto. Canadian Journal of Regional Science/Revue canadienne des sciences régionales 34 (1): 19–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groẞ, Ania (ed.). 2012. Eine starke Insel mitten in der Stadt. Hamburg: Zukunft Elbinsel Wilhelmsburg e.V.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn. Alexander. 2012. Immigration and Multi-Level Governance in Canada and Europe. Canada-Europe Transatlantic Dialogue Policy Paper, December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez Valdivia, Blanca, and Pilar García Almirall. 2011. Housing and Immigrant Population in Barcelona. Paper presented at the European Network for Housing Research Conference, July 5–8, in Toulouse. www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa11/e110830aFinal01361.pdf. Accessed 5 Jan 2017.

  • Habiter Montréal: Strategy for the Inclusion of Affordable Housing in New Residential Projects. 2005. Montréal: Ville de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • HafenCity Universität (HCU) and Universität Hamburg (UH). 2010. Pilotbericht—Sozialmonitoring im Rahmenprogramm Integrierte Stadtteilentwicklung (RISE). Hamburg: Amt für Wohnen, Stadterneuerung und Bodenordnung, Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellgren, Zenia. 2016. Immigrant Integration as a Two-Way Process: Stakeholder Discourses and Practices in Stockholm and Barcelona. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management 4 (1): 143–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiebert, Daniel. 2015. Ethnocultural Minority Enclaves in Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver. Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP Montréal) Study 52, August, 49 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, Brandon. 2015. Gentrifying Boystown. Streetwise 23 (13): 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, John C. 2006. Chicago: A Geography of the City and Its Region. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulchanski, J.David. 2010. The Three Cities within Toronto. Toronto: Cities Centre, University of Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulchanski, J. David, Robert Murdie, Alan Walks, and Larry Bourne. 2013. Canada’s Voluntary Census is Worthless. Here’s Why. The Globe and Mail, October 4. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/canadas-voluntary-census-is-worthless-heres-why/article14674558/. Accessed 24 Feb 2017.

  • IBA-Hamburg. 2013. Multicultural Public Spaces. http://www.iba-hamburg.de/en/projects/intercultural-public-spaces/projekt/intercultural-public-spaces.html. Accessed 24 Feb 2017.

  • Illas, Edgar. 2012. Thinking Barcelona. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Immigration et communautés culturelles (ICC). 2011. Portrait statistique de la population d’origine ethnique ghanéenne recensée au Québec en 2006. Québec: Gouvernement du Québec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institut de recherche et d’informations socio-économiques (IRIS). 2012. L’intégration des immigrants et immigrantes au Québec. Montréal: IRIS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Interkulturelle Planungswerkstatt. 2007. Weltquartier Wilhelmsburg. Hamburg: SAGA GWG and IBA Hamburg GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, Patrick R. 2004. Becoming Europe: Immigration, Integration, and the Welfare State. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, Patrick R. 2012. Irish Protestant Migration and Politics in the U.S., Canada, and Australia: A Debated Legacy. Irish Studies Review 20 (3): 263–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, Jane M. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jono, Michael. 2010. Polnisches Leben in Hamburg—Śladami Polaków w Hamburgu. Hamburg: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Hamburg and Generalkonsulat der Republik Polen in Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, Philip, Stella Park, and Laura Lepper. 2011. Economic Recession and Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes in Canada, 2006–2011. Toronto Immigrant Employment Data Initiative (TIEDI) Technical Report 22, TIEDI, York University, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keung, Nicholas. 2013. “Toronto’s Immigrant Enclaves Spread to Suburbs.” Toronto Star, May 7. https://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2013/05/07/torontos_immigrant_enclaves_spread_to_suburbs.html. Accessed 3 Feb 2017.

  • Kleinhubbert, Guido. 2008. Clash der Kulturen: Jungakademiker erobern Problemviertel. Der Spiegel, April 3. http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/clash-der-kulturen-jungakademiker-erobern-problemviertel-a-536106.html. Accessed 20 Jan 2017.

  • Kubrin, Charis E., and Hiromi Ishizawa. 2012. Why Some Immigrant Neighborhoods Are Safer than Others. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 641 (1): 148–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labonté, Ronald, Elizabeth Cobbett, Michael Orsini, Denise Spitzer, Ted Schrecker, and Arne Ruckert. 2015. “Globalization and the Health of Canadians.” Globalization and Health 11 (19). https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-015-0104-1. Accessed 1 Feb 2017.

  • Lasarzik, Annika. 2013. Stadtentwicklung ohne Migranten? Mittendrin, April 29. http://hh-mittendrin.de/2013/04/stadtentwicklung-ohne-migranten/. Accessed 19 Jan 2017.

  • Lawson, Guy. 2015. Trudeau’s Canada Again. New York Times Magazine, December 8. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/magazine/trudeaus-canada-again.html?_r=0. Accessed 5 Feb 2017.

  • Leloup, Xavier, and Philippe Apparicio. 2010. Montréal: A Multicultural City. In Québec: Our Diverse Cities, No. 7 (Spring), ed. Annick Germain, 171–179. Ottawa: Metropolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leloup, Xavier, and Annick Germain. 2012. La métropole fluide. Institut national de la recherche scientifique Working Paper No. 2101-04, October, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, Dan. 2016. In Toronto, a Neighborhood in Despair Transforms into a Model of Inclusion. New York Times, February 28. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/29/world/americas/in-toronto-a-neighborhood-in-despair-transforms-into-a-model-of-inclusion.html?mtrref=www.facebook.com&_r=0. Accessed 7 Feb 2017.

  • Lo, Lucia, Shuguang Wang, Paul Anisef, Valerie Preston, and Ranu Basu. 2010. Recent Immigrants’ Awareness of, Access to, Use of, and Satisfaction with Settlement Services in York Region. Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement (CERIS) Working Paper No. 79, CERIS, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lokstedt—Die Ahmadiyya-Gemeinde: Hamburgs liberalste Muslime. 2015. Hamburger Abendblatt, February 23. http://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/eimsbuettel/article137728466/Die-Ahmadiyya-Gemeinde-Hamburgs-liberalste-Muslime.html. Accessed 1 Feb 2017.

  • López, Helena. 2015. La ardua conviviencia con el turismo masivo. El Periódico, April 17, 40–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luger, Michael. 2008. Wohin wandert die Hamburger Szene in Zukunft. Die Welt, November 1. http://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article2659623/Wohin-wandert-die-Hamburger-Szene-in-Zukunft.html. Accessed 20 Jan 2017.

  • Lunn, Rebecca, and Levi Vonk. 2014. Chicago, United States—A Case Study. Maastricht: Maastricht School of Governance, Maastricht University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutton, Linda. 1997. The Cruelest Cuts. Chicago Reader, September 4. http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/the-cruelest-cuts/Content?oid=894277. Accessed 30 Jan 2017.

  • Lydersen, Kari. 2014. Mayor 1%: Rahm Emanuel and the Rise of Chicago’s 99%. Chicago: Haymarket Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackrous, Robert. 2000. De la priorité aux gens du quartier à l’universalité d’accès. In Actes du ColloqueL’insertion des immigrants dans le logement social à l’heure de la réorganisation municipale,” Université de Montréal, November 3, ed. Damaris Rose, 56–68. Montreal: Société d’Habitation, Ville de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, Patrick L., and Algernon Austin. 2011. The Low Wages of Black Immigrants. Economic Policy Institute Briefing Paper No. 298, February 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough, Laura, Mihaela Dinca-Panaitescu, Stephanie Procyk, Charlene Cook, Julia Drydyk, Michelynn Laflèche, and James McKee. 2015. The Opportunity Equation. Toronto: United Way Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montagut, Teresa. 2013. City Report: Barcelona. Welfare Innovations at the Local Level in Favour of Cohesion (WILCO) Publication No. 14, European Commission, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morén-Alegret, Richard Albert Mas, and Dawid Wladyka. 2016. Inter-Group Perceptions and Representations in Two Barcelona Neighbourhoods. In Inter-Group Relations and Migrant Integration in European Cities, ed. Ferruccio Pastore and Irene Ponzo, 89–121. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press/IMISCOE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, Whet. 2014. What Are European Cities Doing About Segregation? Chicago Magazine, January 14. http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2014/What-Are-European-Cities-Doing-About-Segregation/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017.

  • Murdie, Robert, and Sutama Ghosh. 2010. Does Spatial Concentration Always Mean a Lack of Integration? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (2): 293–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement (NVCNCI). 2011. Open to All? Different Cultures, Same Communities. Winnetka, IL: Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathalie P. Vorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement (NVCNCI). 2014. The Socioeconomic Change of Chicago’s Community Areas (1970–2010). Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noonan, Sean. 2009. Chicago’s Public Transportation System and Residential Patterns. AREA Chicago, No. 9. http://areachicago.org/chicago%E2%80%99s-public-transportation-system-and-residential-patterns/. Accessed 30 Jan 2017.

  • Office of New Americans. 2012. The Chicago New Americans Plan. Chicago: City of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neil, Kevin. 2011. Flash Mobs Ride CTA to Commit Crimes, Mayhem on Near North Side. Chicago Now, June 5. http://www.chicagonow.com/cta-tattler/2011/06/flash-mobs-ride-cta-to-commit-crimes-mayhem-on-near-north-side/. Accessed 7 Jan 2017.

  • Open Society Institute. 2010. Muslims in Hamburg. New York: Open Society Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oved, Marco Chown. 2015. Three Paths to More Mixed Neighborhoods. Toronto Star, April 11. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/04/11/three-paths-to-more-mixed-income-neighbourhoods.html. Accessed 19 Feb 2017.

  • Owens, Ann, and Robert J. Sampson. 2013. Community Well-Being and the Great Recession. Pathways, Spring: 1–7. Stanford: Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality, Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paperny, Anna. 2014. Immigrant Unemployment. Global News, January 10. http://globalnews.ca/news/1074811/immigrant-unemployment/. Accessed 2 Feb 2017.

  • Paral, Rob. 2003. Chicago’s Immigrants Break Old Patterns. Migration Information Source, September 1. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/chicagos-immigrants-break-old-patterns. Accessed 29 Jan 2017.

  • Paral, Rob. 2004. The Polish Community in Metro Chicago. Chicago: Polish American Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petzen, Jennifer Lee. 2008. Gender Politics in the New Europe. PhD Diss., University of Washington-Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitter, Jay, and John Lorinc (eds.). 2016. Subdivided: City-Building in an Age of Hyper-Diversity. Toronto: Coach House Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qadeer, Mohammad A. 2003. Ethnic Segregation in a Multicultural City. CERIS Working Paper No. 28, October, CERIS, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qadeer, Mohammad A., and Sandeep Agrawal. 2009. Ethnic Enclaves Bloom Amid City Landscape. The Toronto Star, July 5. https://www.thestar.com/opinion/2009/07/05/ethnic_enclaves_bloom_amid_city_landscape.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2017.

  • Rechel, Bernd, Philipa Mladovsky, David Ingleby, Johan P. Mackenbach, and Martin McKee. 2013. Migration and Health in an Increasingly Diverse Europe. Lancet 381 (April 6): 1235–1245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeder, Jessica. 2013. Why Immigrant Integration Can Make or Break a City, February 23. http://www.shareable.net/blog/why-immigrant-integration-can-make-or-break-a-city. Accessed 1 Feb 2017.

  • Riol Caravajal, Eduardo. 2003. La vivienda de los inmigrantes en Barcelona. Scripta Nova 7 (146). http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(059).htm. Accessed 24 Feb 2017.

  • Rius Ulldemolins, Joaquim. 2014. Culture and Authenticity in Urban Regeneration Processes. Urban Studies 51 (14): 3026–3046.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocher, François, and Bob W. White. 2014. L’interculturalisme québécois dans le contexte du multiculturalisme canadien. IRPP Study, No. 49, November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez Álvarez, Joaquín. 2016. Rethinking Barcelona. In Cities in Crisis, ed. Jörg Knieling and Frank Othengrafen, 239–257. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Damaris, Annick Germain, and Virginie Ferreira. 2006. The Housing Situation and Needs of Recent Immigrants in the Montréal Metropolitan Area. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saclarides, Kathryn. 2009. Selling Chicago as a Global City. Advocates’ Forum. http://ssa.uchicago.edu/selling-chicago-global-city-redevelopment-and-ethnic-neighborhoods. Accessed 29 Jan 2017.

  • Sancton, Andrew. 2004. Beyond the Municipal: Governance for Canadian Cities. Policy Options Politiques, February 1. http://policyoptions.irpp.org/issues/canadas-cities/beyond-the-municipal-governance-for-canadian-cities/. Accessed 8 Feb 2017.

  • Schmelz, Andrea. 2009. The Ghanaian Diaspora in Germany. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmiz, Antonie, and Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang. 2016. Ethnic Retail Neighbourhoods. Ryerson Centre for Immigration & Settlement (RCIS) Research Brief No. 2016/1, RCIS, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semuels, Alana. 2015. How Chicago Is Trying to Integrate Its Suburbs. The Atlantic, July 17. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/chicago-regional-housing-section-eight/398798/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017.

  • Siemiatycki, Myer. 2012. Toronto: Integration in a City of Immigrants. In Immigration, Integration, and Inclusion in Ontario Cities, ed. Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, Vicki Esses, and Erin Tolley, 23–48. Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, James M. 2013. ‘Re-Stating’ Theories of Urban Development. In American Urban Politics in a Global Age, 7th ed, ed. Paul Kantor, and Dennis Judd, 133–155. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Social Policy Analysis and Research (SPAR). 2011. Profile of Low Income in the City of Toronto. Toronto: Social Development, Finance and Administration Division, City of Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielman, Fran. 2017. Johnson Rejects McCarthy’s ‘Crisis’ Claim. Chicago Sun-Times, January 5, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spurr, Ben. 2015. Waiting for a Bus That Takes Forever. Toronto Star, April 25. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/04/25/waiting-for-a-bus-that-takes-forever-welcome-to-torontos-transit-desert.html. Accessed 3 Feb 2017.

  • Statistikamt Nord. 2004. Hamburger Stadtteil-Profile 2004, November. Hamburg: Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistikamt Nord. 2006. Hamburger Stadtteil-Profile 2006, December. Hamburg: Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistikamt Nord. 2011. Hamburger Stadtteil-Profile 2011, September. Hamburg: Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistikamt Nord. 2014. Hamburger Stadtteil-Profile 2013, February. Hamburg: Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistikamt Nord. 2015. Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund in den Hamburger Stadtteilen Ende 2014. Statistik informiert, No. 3, October 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stock, Ulrich. 2014. Migranten im Weihrauch. Die Zeit 44 (October 23): 61 (Feuilleton).

    Google Scholar 

  • Table de concertation sur la faim et le développement social du Montréal métropolitain. 2011. Analyse des programmes de lutte à la pauvreté de la Ville de Montréal, November 18. http://faim-developpement.ca/publications-externes-pauvrete/. Accessed 13 Feb 2017.

  • Taylor, Charles. 2013. Interculturalism or Multiculturalism? Reset Dialogues on Civilizations (DOC), June 24. http://www.resetdoc.org/story/00000022267. Accessed 9 Feb 2017.

  • Thal, Dieter. 2012. Hamburg-Veddel. Erfurt: Sutton Verlag GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomer, Adie, Elizabeth Kneebone, Robert Puentes, and Alan Berube. 2011. Missed Opportunity: Transit and Jobs in Metropolitan America. Brookings Institution, May 12. http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2011/05/12-jobs-and-transit. Accessed 1 Feb 2017.

  • Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle, and Angelo Battaglia. 2012. El Raval and Mile End: A Comparative Study of Two Cultural Quarters. Journal of Geography and Geology 4 (1): 56–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tribune Graphics. 2017. “Estimating the Chicago Area’s Undocumented Immigrant Population.” Chicago Tribune, January 2. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-met-undocumented-immigrants-gfx-20170103-htmlstory.html. Accessed 3 Jan 2017.

  • Ulrich, Friederike. 2014. Sorge um das IBA-Erbe. Hamburger Abendblatt, November 11, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Way of Greater Toronto (UWGT) and Canadian Council on Social Development (CCSD). 2004. Poverty by Postal Code. Toronto: UWGT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Université de Montréal. 2015. Immigrants Are Usually in Better Health Than Native Canadians. ScienceDaily, March 19. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150319104224.htm. Accessed 5 March 2017.

  • Vaillancourt, Yves, and Marie-Noëlle Ducharme. 2001. Social Housing–A Key Component of Social Policies in Transformation. Ottawa: Caledon Institute of Social Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vang, Zoua M. 2012. The Limits of Spatial Assimilation for Immigrants’ Full Integration. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 641 (1): 220–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visan, Laura. 2012. Romanian Churches in Toronto: Not Yet Factors of Cohesion. Illumine 11 (1): 101–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Alex, and Bernardo Porraz. 2003. The Case of Barcelona, Spain. In Understanding Slums, ed. UN-Habitat. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpuprojects/Global_Report/pdfs/Barcelona.pdf. Accessed 9 Feb 2017.

  • Walks, Alan. 2014. Gentrification, Social Mix and the Immigrant Reception Function of Inner-City Neighbourhoods. In Segmented Cities? ed. Kristin R. Good, Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos, and Luc Turgeon, 81–114. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellesley Institute. 2010a. Inclusionary Housing Case Studies: Chicago. Toronto: Wellesley Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellesley Institute. 2010b. Inclusionary Housing Case Studies: Montréal. Toronto: Wellesley Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellesley Institute. 2010c. Inclusionary Housing Case Studies: Toronto. Toronto: Wellesley Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wexler, Martin, and Suzanne La Ferrière. 2010. Montréal: Housing Programs and Measures to Respond to the Needs of Immigrant Households. In Québec: Our Diverse Cities, No. 7 (Spring), ed. Annick Germain, 184–188. Ottawa: Metropolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, David, Jared Wouters, and Dennis Grammenos. 2004. Successful Protect-Community Discourse. Environment and Planning A 36: 1173–1190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick R. Ireland .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ireland, P.R. (2017). The Global City Cases. In: Migrant Integration in Times of Economic Crisis. Europe in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58100-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics